| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Sumerian Political | Developed concept of city-state |
| Sumerian Civilization | designed ramp, arch, dome |
| Sumerian Culture | Cuneiform |
| Sumerian Education | Studied reading, history, math, foreign languages, and mapmaking |
| Sumerian Downfall | Weak defense of city-states lead to downfall |
| Babylonian Political | Concern for justice |
| Babylonian Civilization | Successfully expanded territory and unified city-states for a short period of time |
| Babylonian Economic | First to trade with Egypt and India |
| Babylonian Culture | women had higher position in society; legal, economic rights, law protected their property |
| Babylonian Religion | Made sacrifices to old Sumerian gods during a good harvest |
| Hittites Economic | First people to make use of iron weapons |
| Hittites Political | Great concern for justice but less intense than Hammurabi's Code |
| Hittites Downfall | conquered and invaded Babylon but were too far from home to completely control it |
| Assyrian Political | excelled in warfare; used cavalry, mercenaries, and iron weapons |
| Assyrian Culture | killed enemies in warefare, enslaved conquered peoples, forced assimilation |
| Assyrian Political | King had total power, responsible to god Assur, had governors or kings inspectors to keep foreign lands in order |
| Assyrian Economic | built roads for military use, postal delivery, and trade |
| Assyrian Downfall | Capital city of Nineveh was symbol of power, strength; burned by invading Chaldeans |
| Chaldean Political | Took Babylon with wise leadership of Nebuchadnezzar |
| Chaldean Culture | created beautiful buildings, Hanging Gardens of Babylon |
| Chaldean Downfall | Fell 30 years after their great leader died |
| Chaldean Civilization | Deep interest in astronomy, calculated length of year to within seven minutes |
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