5 Written Questions

1. an endoscope (a flexible fiberoptic probe) for examining the sigmoid colon
2. Not bleeding. Things that inhibit bleeding:
   Vitamin C (asorbic acid) in excess of 250 mg/day too many oranges or too much orange juice, grapefruit juice, cold remedies/preventatives like Emergen-C
   Iron supplements
3. The most common problems include:
   Bleeding,
   Perforation,
   Narrowing and obstruction.
4. Received from: HAV—fecal-oral route; contaminated water or food
5. Varicose veins of the anus; treated with stool softeners (Colace), high-fiber diets, analgesic ointment, or surgical repair by sclerotherapy, cryosurgery, or ligation.

5 Matching Questions

1. ulcer disease symptoms
2. appendicitis cause
3. ulcer symptoms
4. Pyloroplasty
5. Antrectomy

1. a Gnawing or burning pain. It is believed that the stomach's inability to defend itself against the powerful digestive fluids, hydrochloric acid and pepsin, contributes to ulcer formation.
   Less common ulcer symptoms include:
   Belching, Nausea, Vomiting, Poor appetite, Loss of weight
2. b appendix becomes inflamed and infected from fecalith obstruction, causing ischemia and necrosis of appendix wall.
   If infection leaks out, peritonitis can develop.
3. c A surgical procedure that may be performed along with a vagotomy, in which the opening into the duodenum and small intestine (pylorus) are enlarged, enabling contents to pass more freely from the stomach.
4. d Gnawing or burning pain. Less common ulcer symptoms include:
   Belching, Nausea, Vomiting, Poor appetite, Loss of weight
5. e To treat an ulcer. An operation to remove the lower part of the stomach (antrum), which produces a hormone that stimulates the stomach to secrete digestive juices.
   Sometimes a surgeon may also remove an adjacent part of the stomach that secretes pepsin and acid. A vagotomy is usually done in conjunction with an antrectomy.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Causes ulcer formation that is continuous and invades mucosal linings but does not go through the entire colon wall. Abdominal pain, stool frequency, bleeding ulcers causing blood in stool.
   1. ulcer disease symptoms
   2. ulcer symptoms
   3. ulcerative colitis symptoms
   4. bacterial peritonitis symptoms
2. Campylobacteria: Diarrhea (sometimes bloody), Nausea and vomiting, Malaise (general uneasiness), Fever; Salmonella: Fever, Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Nausea, Vomiting (sometimes); Shigella: Bloody diarrhea, Fever, Nausea, Vomiting, Cramps
   1. emphysema symptoms
   2. ulcer disease symptoms
   3. food poisoning symptoms
   4. listeria symptoms
3. Forced Expiratory Volume in Spirometry testing
   1. FEV
   2. FVC
   3. ulcer
   4. GERD
4. Bacterium (Helicobacter pylori) in the stomach that can cause peptic ulcer, causes 80 to 90% of ulcers are caused by this bacteria. Gastric and duodenal ulcers
   1. ulcer disease
   2. ascites
   3. Hepatitis A
   4. emphysema
5. Ulcers located at the end of the stomach, where the duodenum is attached, can cause swelling and scarring, which can narrow or close the intestinal opening.
   The obstruction can prevent food from leaving the stomach and entering the small intestine, resulting in vomiting the contents of the stomach.
   1. complications of gastric or duodenal ulcer-Narrowing and obstruction
   2. complications of gastric or duodenal ulcer-Bleeding
   3. complications of gastric or duodenal ulcer
   4. medications that decrease the risk of GERD

5 True/False Questions

1. sigmoidoscopy → The flexible sigmoidoscopy can be done in the physician's office. The patient is positioned in a left side Sims position and draped. Examines sigmoid portion of colon.

   True        False

2. vagotomy → To treat ulcers. A procedure that involves cutting parts of the vagus nerve (a nerve that transmits messages from the brain to the stomach) to interrupt messages sent through it, therefore, reducing acid secretion

   True        False

3. Things to avoid with ulcers → Caffeine, smoking, alcohol, stress. Caffeine seems to stimulate acid secretion in the stomach, aggravating the pain of an existing ulcer; Smoking increases the chances of getting ulcers, slows the healing process, and contributes to recurrence; Ulcers are more common in people who have cirrhosis of the liver, often linked to heavy alcohol consumption; Emotional stress increases ulcer pain.

   True        False

4. GERD → Forced Expiratory Volume in Spirometry testing

   True        False

5. FOBT developer → If stool sample has high bile content? Bilirubin-If green color is seen but not blue it could be from bilirubin-it would be negative. BLUE/GREEN = POSITIVE

   True        False