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Artificial Selection Artificially breeding for certain traits among plants and animals. Re-entrants Animals that once walked on land but went back to living in the water half life length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay adaption any inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival survival of the fittest (natural selection) The species that is able to reproduce and survive vestigial organs Organs in an organism that have no use (i.e. appendix) Common Descent The common traits of organisms ancestors Homologous Structures Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryionic tissue Descent with Modification Each living species has descended with change in other species over time Struggle for Existence Members of each species compete regularly to obtain food