Mutation and Repair 2
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8 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Mutagens | physical or chemical agents that can cause mutations |
| Intercalating agents | Molecules about the same size as DNA nucleotides that insert themselves at a replication fork during DNA synthesis causing a frameshift. |
| Thymine dimer | Due to the break of hydrogen bonds between NTP's from UV radiation, T-T can covalently bond if they are adjacent (as can C or U). This distorts the DNA and causes errors in replication, transcription |
| Nitrous acid | Chemical mutagen that can cause the deamination of nitrogen bases, allowing adenine to pair with cytosine instead of Thymine |
| Carcinogens | chemicals that lead to DNA mutation associated with cancer |
| Proofreading | the self-checking capacity of DNA polymerase that is present in all cells |
| Ionizing radiation | Causes the formation of ions that are highly reactive and can react with nucleotides causing errors in replication, mutation, chromosomal breakage |
| Mismatch repair | excision repair in which special enzymes cut the damaged section out of the DNA and polymerase comes back and fills in. This can repair dimers and mismatched base pairs. |
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