Hill-Rocks and Minerals
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Created by:
dianekhill on November 6, 2008
Subjects:
Classes:
ESci8, Rockhounds, Nah brah., Study group Port Jeff
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 mineral | a naturally formed, inorganic solid with a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition |
| streak | the color of a mineral in powdered form |
| Mohs hardness scale | scale ranking 10 minerals from softest to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals |
| fracture | the tendency of a mineral to break along curved or irregular surfaces |
| density | the amount of mass in a given space; mass per unit volume |
| cleavage | the tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces |
| luster | the way the surface of a mineral reflects light |
| rock | a solid mixture of crystals of one or more minerals or other materials |
| rock cycle | the process by which one rock type changes into another rock type |
| magma | the hot liquid that forms when rock partially or completely melts, located inside the Earth |
| lava | magma that flows onto the Earth's surface |
| texture | the sizes, shapes, and positions of the grains that a rock is made of |
| igneous rock | rock that forms from the cooling of magma or lava |
| sedimentary rock | rock that forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together |
| metamorphic rock | rock that forms when the texture and composition of preexisting rock changes due to heat and/or pressure |
| intrusive | the type of igneous rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface |
| extrusive | the type of igneous rock that forms when lava cools and solidifies on the Earth's surface |
| foliated | the texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are aligned like the pages of a book |
| fossil | any naturally preserved evidence of life |
| weathering | wind, water, ice, sunlight, and gravity all cause rock to break into fragments |
| crystal | a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a pattern that repeats again and again |
| inorganic | not formed from living things or the remains of living things |
| nonfoliated | texture of metamorphic rock in which mineral grains show no alignment |
| sediment | small solid pieces of material that come from rocks or organisms |
| erosion | the destructive process in which water or wind loosen and carry away fragments of rocks |
| deposition | the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind that is carrying it |
| compaction | the process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight |
| cementation | the process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together into one mass |
| clastic rock | Sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together under high pressure |
| organic rock | Sedimentary rock that forms from remains of organisms deposited in thick layers |
| chemical rock | Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallize from a solution |
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