| Term | Definition |
|---|
| the people who settled in southern Mesopotamia in 3500 B.C. | Sumerians |
| The Sumerians' area of Mesopotamia | Sumer |
| levees | raised areas of soil |
| chief crop of Sumerians | barley |
| people used ( ) to build houses | dried mud |
| one of the great cities of Sumer | Ur |
| each Sumerian city-state had is own ( ) | god and government |
| city-state | cities and the surrounding territories (farmland) |
| each city-state was surrounding by a ( ) | wall of sun-dried brick |
| order of how houses were build in the cities | high class (center), middle class (middle), low class (outside) |
| jobs of the rich | priests and merchants |
| artisans | skilled workers |
| city-states went to war because ( ) | fighting over boundary lines and to prove which city-state was stronger |
| ziggurat | the temple at the center of each Sumerian city |
| only ( ) were allowed to enter the god's home (the top of the ziggurat) | priests |
| the center of Sumerian life | the courts and the ziggurat |
| the Sumerians believed ( ) were alive | all the forces of nature |
| poorer boys jobs | working in the fields or learning a trade |
| cuneiform | Sumerian writing |
| the main purpose of schools | to teach boys how to write |
| scribe | writer |
| what women could do | buy and sell property, run businesses, and own and sell enslaved people |
| head of a household | the husband |
| what a husband could do | divorce his wife, sell or rent his wife and children (for up to three years), and arrange marriages for his children |
| another job of Sumerian priests | kings |
| priest-kings | Surmerian governmental and religious leaders |
| one of the most famous priest-kings | Gilgamesh |
| the oldest known story in the world | the story of Gilgamesh |
| hereditary | passed down from parent to child |
| who Sumerian priest-kings recieved advice from | an assembly of free men |
| took the place of priests as permenent kings about 3000 B.C. | choosen military leaders |
| empire | group of state under one ruler |
| culture | way of life |
| reform | improvement |
| reign | period of power |
| when the power of Sumer started to fade | about 2400 B.C. |
| ruler from an area in Akkad | Sargon I |
| northern area of Mesopotamia | Akkad |
| About 2300 B.C. Sargon I ( ) | began to conquer the city-states of Sumer and unite them with Akkad |
| ( ) created the 1st empire | Sargon I |
| how long Sargon I ruled | more than 50 years |
| the group of people that entered the Tigris-Euphrates valley and built citites of their own about 1800 B.C. | the Amorites |
| one of the cities the Amorites built | Babylon |
| the king of Babylon | Hammurabi |
| what Hammurabi conquered | Akkad and Sumer |
| the Babylonions worshiped the same ( ) god that the ( ) had worshiped | Sumerian, Akkadians |
| the reform Hammurabi was best known for | a code of law |
| people proven guilty under Hammurabi's code of law were | punished |
| ( ) were punished more serverely | upper class |
| during Hammurabi's rule, Babylon became an important ( ) | trade center |
| surplus | extra |
| how long Hammurabi's reign lasted | more than 40 years |
| what Hammurabi's reign was called | Golden Age of Babylon |
| what Mesopotamia has been called | the cradle of civilization |
| ( ) created a number system based on 60 | the Mesopotamians |
| ( ) created a 12-month calender | the Mesopotamians |
| ( ) created the wheel, the plow, and the boat | the Sumerians |
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