Categorization (Chapter 8)
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Created by:
jblodge13 Plus on April 5, 2011
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 concept identification | a task that requires deciding whether an item is an example of a concept, where concepts are typically dfined by logical rules |
| logical rule | a rule based on logical relations, such as conjunctive, disjunctive, conditional, and biconditional rules |
| disjunctive rule | a rule that uses the logical relation OR to relate stimulus attributes, such as small OR square |
| conjunctive rule | a rule that uses the logical relation AND to relate stimulus attributes, such as small AND square |
| rule learning | a concept identification task in which people are told the relevant attributes (such as small, square) but have to discover the logical rule |
| attribute learning | a concept identification task in which people are told the logical rule (such as conjunctive) but have to discover the relevant attributes |
| continuous dimension | an attribute that can take on any value along a dimension |
| hierarchically organized | an organizing strategy in which larger categories are partitioned into smaller categories |
| typicality | a measure of how well a category member represents that category |
| superordinate category | a large category at the top of a hierarchy, such as furniture, tools, and vehicles |
| basic-level category | an intermediate category in the middle of a hierarchy, such as table, saw, and truck |
| subordinate category | a small category at the bottom of a hierarchy, such as lamp table, jigsaw, and pickup truck |
| prototype | an item that typifies the members in a category and is used to represent the category |
| semantic dementia | progressive deterioration of knowledge about words and objects |
| family resemblance | a measure of how frequently the attributes of a category member are shared by other members of the category |
| goal-derived category | a category whose members are selected to satisfy a specified goal |
| ideal | an attribute value that relates to the goal of a goal-derived category |
| stereotype | an attribute value believed to be representative of social categories |
| nearest-neighbor rule | a classification strategy that selects the category containing an item most similar to the classified item |
| average distance rule | a classification strategy that selects the category containing items having the greatest average similarity to the classified item |
| prototype rule | a classification strategy that selects the category whose prototype is the most similar to the classified item |
| feature frequency rule | a classification strategy that selects the category having the most feature matches with the classified item |
| exemplar model | proposes that patterns are categorized by comparing their similarity to category examples |
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