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archipelago a series or chain of islands Mohenjo-Daro an ancient city that was located in the Indus River valley typhoon a hurricane that occurs in the western Pacific Ocean caste in Hindu society, one of the social classes into which people are separated. panchayat a village council in India monsoon a seasonal WIND that can bring heavy rains in the summer, cool dry air in the winter subcontinent a large landmass that is part of a continent but that has its own geographic identity Himalayas a large landmass that stretches about 1,500 miles across south central Asia sediment small fragments of rock or other materials that can be moved by wind, water, or ice Aryan a member of an ethnic group that migrated from what is now Russia through central Asia, settling in India. Sanskrit the classical language of India and Hinduism Hinduism a religion developed in ancient India Vedas the books of knowledge of the ancient Aryans, which were the basis of Hinduism. Indian National Congress A congress formed in India in 1885 to provide a forum they where could discuss their problems. Muslim League A group formed by Muslims in in India in 1906 to protect their rights. Mohandas Gandhi Peaceful leader in India after WW II Taliban A group of fundamentalist Muslims who took over Afghanistan's government in 1996. Martial Law Temporary military rule during a time of war or a time of when the normal government is having problems or is corrupt. Dalit A member of a group of people in India--formerly untouchables--who were outside the caste system. Panchayat A village council in India. Jute A fibrous plant used to make twine, bags, sacks, and burlap. Information Technology Technology, including computers, software, and the internet that help us process information. Green Revolution A movement that began in the late 1960's that genetically improved grains and pesticides. it also introduced better farming techniques. Taj Mahal The most famous building in India, built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in the 1640's as a shrine for his wife. Dialect A regional variety of languages. Indo-Aryan Related to a family of languages including almost all European languages and many Indian languages. Dowry Money or property given by a brides family to her new husband and his family. Sindhi A language spoken in Pakistan. Urdu The official language of Pakistan.