1.
Adolf Hitler: This dictator was the leader of the Nazi Party. He believed that strong leadership was required to save Germanic society, which was at risk due to Jewish, socialist, democratic, and liberal forces. Led to mass genocide of Jews and WW2.
2.
Anti-Semitism: hostility toward or discrimination against Jews
3.
Appeasement: Satisfying the demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability.
4.
Benito Mussolini: Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy. (p. 786)
5.
Collectivization: system in which private farms were eliminated, instead, the government owned all the land while the peasants worked on it.
6.
Enabling Act: Gave Hitler absolute dictatorial power for 4 years and allowed him to become a dictator.
7.
Fascism: a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism.
8.
FDR and the New Deal: Roosevelt favored strong government action to relieve economic distress and to reform the capitalist economic system while preserving its basic features. The New Deal established the national government as a major regulator of private businesses and as ultimately responsible for maintaining a stable economy. The New Deal brought about a number of reforms in almost every area.
9.
Five Year Plan: Stalin's economic policy to rebuild the Soviet economy after WWI. tried to improve heavy industry and improve farm output, but resulted in famine
10.
Francisco Franco: Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death (1892-1975)
11.
Friedrich Ebert: Leader of the Social Democratic Party, Following revolution of 1918 - 1919, power handed to him, Forms Weimar Republic
12.
German Weimar Republic: The name of Germany's fledgling post WWI democracy. Named for the seat of government, it was beset by social and economic problems and ended with the election of Hitler.
13.
Great Depression: the economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s.
14.
Guernica: a Spanish town that was brutally bombed and was full of innocent civilians it was supposed to encourage fear, Picasso painted a famous painting capturing Guernica
15.
Gustav Stresemann: Assumed leadership of Germany in August 1923. He called off passive resistance in the Ruhr and in October agreed in principle to pay preparations but ask for a re-examination of Germany's ability to pay.
16.
John Maynard Keynes: British economist who argued that for a nation to recovery fully from a depression, the govt had to spend money to encourage investment and consumption
17.
Joseph Stalin: Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communists after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush opposition
18.
Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg: led social revolution of the radical Independent Social Democratic Party which favor immediate social rev by a formed Germany Communist Party of soldiers, sailors & workers; fail to control gov because • German republic was saved b/c moderate socialists relied on army who'd ruled the old imperial regime; created great fear of communism in Germany
Were publicly executed.
19.
Kulaks: Wealthy farmers; Stalin liquidate them as a class. Government confiscated their land and sent them to labor camps.
20.
Lateran Pact: 1929, resulted in reconciliation with the papacy under Mussolini, institution of the Vatican as an independent state
21.
Leon Blum: Leader of the French socialist party Popular Front, made first and real attempt to deal with the economic and social problems
22.
Lucarno Agreement: Agreement between Germany and France, in which Germany agreed to accept the currect borders between it and France (&French control of Alsace-Lorraine), and to withdraw French troops from Rhineland
23.
Mein Kampf: (My Struggle) written in jail by Hitler. This book set forth his beliefs and goals for Germany. It became the blueprint for the Nazis
24.
Munich Agreement: agreement between Chamberlain and Hitler that Germany would not conquer any more land, and if did, would declare war
25.
National Fascist Party: Italian political party created by Benito Mussolini during World War I. It emphasized aggressive nationalism and was Mussolini's instrument for the creation of a dictatorship in Italy from 1922 to 1943. (See also Mussolini, Benito.) (p. 786)
26.
National Socialist German Workers Party: (Nazi Party) was a far-right, racist political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945.
27.
New Economic Policy: Policy proclaimed by Vladimir Lenin in 1924 to encourage the revival of the Soviet economy by allowing small private enterprises. Joseph Stalin ended the N.E.P. in 1928 and replaced it with a series of Five-Year Plans. (See also Lenin, Vladimir.) (p. 766)
28.
Popular Front: An alliance between the Communists, the Socialists, and the Radicals formed for the May 1936 French elections. It was largely successful, increasing the Communists in parliament from 10 to 72, and the Socials up to 146, making them the largest party in France.
29.
Rome-Berlin Axis: The alliance between Italy and Germany (Mussolini and Hitler)
30.
Third International: terrorist organization dedicated to inciting Communist revolution and establishing worldwide Communist state
