Ch. 8 biology vocab
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Created by:
christina1026 on April 5, 2011
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Classes:
Ursuline Academy Class Of 2014
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nucleotide | the small units, monomers, that make up DNA |
| double helix | in which 2 strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted ladder |
| replication | the process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle |
| DNA polymerase | enzymes that form bonds between nucleotides during replication |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid- chain of nucleic acids, each made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing base |
| transcription | the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA. -gene is transferred to a RNA message |
| RNA polymerase | enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule |
| transfer RNA | brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein |
| messenger RNA | an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein |
| ribosomal RNA | forms part of a ribosome- a cell's protein factories |
| exon | nucleotide segments that code for parts of the protein (located in eukaryotic cells) |
| intron | sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein (occur between exons) |
| promoter | a DNA segment that allows a gene to be transcribed |
| translation | the process that translates/converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide |
| codon | a sequence of 3 nucleotides that codes for an amino acid |
| anticodon | a set of 3 nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon |
| stop codon | signals the end of the amino acid chain |
| point mutation | a mutation in which one nucleotide is substituted for another |
| frameshift mutation | involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide |
| mutagen | agents in the environment that can change DNA |
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