Chapter 11 Intro to Genetics Vocab
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Created by:
Leahbabins on April 6, 2011
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Biology
Into to genetics
vocabulary
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 genetics | the scientific study of heredity |
| fertilization | during sexual reproduction, male and female reproductive reproductive cells join |
| true-breeding | term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate |
| trait | specific characteristic |
| hybrids | offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| genes | the chemical factors that determine traits |
| alleles | the different forms of a gene |
| segregation | seperation of alleles during gamete formation |
| gametes | sex cells |
| probability | the likelihood that a particular event will occur |
| punnet square | the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross can be determined by drawing this diagram |
| homozygous | organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait |
| heterozygous | organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait |
| phenotype | physical characteristics |
| genotype | genetic makeup |
| independent assortment | independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes |
| incomplete dominance | cases in which one allele is not completely dominent over another |
| codominance | both alleles contribute to the phenotype |
| multiple alleles | when genes have more than two alleles |
| polygenic traits | traits controlled by two or more genes |
| homologus | term that refers to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent |
| diploid | a cell that contains both sets of homologus chromosomes |
| hiploid | cells that contain only a single set of chromosomes/genes |
| tetrad | structure made by each chromosome pairing with its corresponding homologous chromosome |
| crossing-over | process of exchanging portions of their chromatids, as homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrads in mitosis I |
| gene map | diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome |
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