The Human Body Plan
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Created by:
Msdstriegel on April 6, 2011
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Description:
All things involved with body systems.
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66 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Muscle Tissue | The body tissue that enables movement |
| Skeletal Muscle | Voluntary muscle attached to bones by tendons that move parts of the body |
| Smooth Muscle | Elongated spindle-shaped involuntary muscles (except cardiac muscles) |
| Cardiac Muscles | involuntary muscle of the heart |
| Nervous Tissue | A type of animal tissue that conducts electrical impulses |
| Neurons | A cell that transmits electrical signals |
| Epithelial Tissue | Tissue composed of cells that create a solid sheet that covers a body part |
| Connective Tissue | Body tissue that supports and holds body structures together |
| Fracture | A crack or break in bone |
| Cranial Cavity | The area in which the brain rests |
| Matrix | Tissues that are characterized by cells that are embedded in large amounts of inter-cellular substance |
| Spinal Cavity | The area that surrounds and protects the spinal cord |
| Diaphragm | A sheet of internal muscle that extends across the bottom of the ribcage; The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and performs an important function in respiration |
| Thoracic Cavity | Chest cavity; cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart |
| Abdominal Cavity | Contains organs of the digestive, reproductive, and excretory systems |
| Skeleton | The bones of an animal body that forms its internal framework |
| Spongy bone | The lacy network of connective tissue in the center of the bone |
| Periosteum | The tough outer membrane of a bone |
| Compact bone | Hard, dense bone composing the outer cortical layer and consisting of a variety of periosteal bone, endosteal bone and haversian. |
| Haversian canal | Any of the tiny, interconnecting longitudinal channels in bone tissue through which blood vessels, nerve fibers and lymphatics pass. |
| Osteocytes | A living bone cell. |
| Skeletal system | Comprised of bones. It provides structure; supports and protects the inner organs. |
| Muscular system | Comprised of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle. It provides structure; supports and moves trunk and limbs; moves substances through the body. |
| Integumentary system | Comprised of skin hair and nails. It protects against pathogens; help regulate body temperature. |
| Cardiovascular system | Comprised of the heart, blood vessels and blood. It transports nutrients and wastes to and from all body tissue. |
| Respiratory system | Comprised of the air passages and lungs. It carries air into and out of the lungs, where gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) are exchanged. |
| Immune system | Comprised of the lymph nodes and vessels, white blood cells. It provides protection against infection and disease. |
| Digestive system | Comprised of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas,small and large intestines. It stores and digests food; absorbs nutrients and eliminates waste. |
| Excretory system | Comprised of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, skin and lungs. It eliminates waste; maintains water and chemical balance. |
| Nervous system | Comprised of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs and receptors. It controls and coordinates body movements and senses; controls consciousness and creativity; helps monitor and maintain other body systems. |
| Endocrine system | Comprised of glands such as adrenal, thyroid, pancreas, hypothalamus. It maintains homeostasis; regulates metabolism, water and mineral balance, growth and sexual development and reproduction. |
| Reproductive system | Comprised of ovaries, uterus, mammary glands in females, testes in males. It produces ova and milk in females, sperm in males and offspring after fertilization. |
| axial skeleton | The bones of the skull,ribs, spine and sternum. |
| appendicular skeleton | The bones of the arms and legs along with the scapula, clavicle and pelvis. |
| ossification | The process by which cartilage slowly hardens into bone. |
| epiphyseal plate | The site of bone elongation at the ends of long bones. |
| joint | The place where two bones meet. |
| fixed joint | Prevent movement where bony plates connect; ex: the skull. |
| semimovable joints | Permit limited movement; ex: bones of the vertebral column. |
| movable joints | Enable the body to perform a wide range of movement. |
| hinge joint | Allows movement forward and backward like a hinged door, ex: elbow. |
| ball-and-socket joint | Allows up and down, forward and backward, as well as to rotate in a complete circle. ex: shoulder. |
| pivot joint | Allows you to turn your head from side to side, forward and back. |
| saddle joint | Allows you to rotate your thumbs and helps grasp objects. |
| gliding joints | Allow bones to slide over one another. ex: the joints between the small bones of your foot which allow your foot to flex when you walk. |
| ligaments | Tough bands of connective tissue that hold the bones of the joint in place. |
| synovial fluid | A lubricating substance secreted by the tissue to help protect the ends of the bones from damage by friction. |
| muscle fibers | A skeletal muscle cell that runs the length of the muscle and contains many nuclei. |
| rheumatoid arthritis | Develops when the immune system begins to attack body tissue. |
| osteoarthritis | A degenerative bone disease in which the cartilage covering the surface of the bone becomes thinner and rougher. |
| fascicles | A dense bundle of skeletal muscle fibers. |
| voluntary muscles | A muscle whose movement can be consciously controlled. |
| involuntary muscle | A muscle whose movement cannot be consciously controlled. |
| myofibril | A contracting thread in a skeletal muscle. |
| myosin | The thick protein filament of a sacromere. |
| Z Line | A boundary of a sarcomere; point of anchor for thin actin filaments. |
| sacromere | The basic contractile unit of skeletal and cardiac muscle that is the portion of the myofibril between two adjacent Z lines. |
| tendon | A tough, solid band of connective tissue that connects and supports body parts. |
| origin | Attachment point of a tendon to a stationary bone. |
| insertion | The point where the muscle attaches to the moving bone. |
| flexor | A muscle that bends a joint. |
| extensor | A muscle that straightens a joint. |
| muscle fatigue | The physiological inability of a muscle to contract do to relative depletion of ATP. |
| oxygen debt | The temporary lack of oxygen availability. |
| epidermis | The outer layer of skin composed of many sheets of flattened, scaly epithelial cells. |
| keratin | A protein that forms hair, bird feathers, human fingernails, and the horny scales of reptiles. |
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