| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Nurachi | 1) Founded the Qing Dynasty |
| Manchu "Rules" and Chinese "Rules" | 1) Studied Manchu language 2) Could not marry chinese 3) Chinese men were forced to wear a queue as a sign of submission to Manchu rule ( also to distinguish between Chinese and Manchu) 4) Manchus attempted to stop foot binding |
| Trade under Manchu Rule | 1) Sent caravans carrying silk and tea (among other things) to Central Asia 2) Some sea travel to India |
| Agriculture under Manchu Rule | 1) New crops including sweet potatoes "poor man's food" (easy to grow) also peanuts and tobacco |
| Emperor Kangxi (AKA Kongxi / Kongzi) | ruled 1661-1722 1) Ruled based on Confucian thought 2) supported literacy campaigns based on Confucian classics (novels started to appear about more exotic stories, encyclopedias of plants and animals 3) supported exam process for civil service 4) oversaw flood control projects 5) supported leveling |
| Emperor Qianlong | Ruled 1711-1799 1) Ordered construction of the Summer Palace (built 1750) |
| Emperor Hsien Feng | 1) Only famous because he married Cixi concubine turned Empress |
| Empress Cixi | Ruled 1861-1908 1) Hsien Feng's favorite "lady friend" because she had a son-and heir to the throne 2) When the Emperor died in 1861 Cixi was given the rank of Empress Dowager 3) Cixi's son (Age 5) was the new Emperor (he grew up, got married, and died of smallpox. His wife was pregnant so she would be the new Empress Dowager. Cixi got Tongzhi's wife to commit suicide so she could rule longer. ) Cixi named her four year old nephew Guangxu the new Emperor. Cixi would rule for him until he is old enough. Cixi loved to spend money on luxury items (rebuilt plus added to summer palace after it was destroyed in 1860. Also built marble boat instead of financing navy. Her role in foreign affairs combined with discontent and rebellion lead to downfall. |
| Tongzhi | 1) Son of Cixi 2) got married and died of smallpox 3) Wife was suppose to have a son expected after his death. |
| Tongzhi's Wife | 1) Pregnant 2) Suppose to be new Empress Dowager 3) Convinced to commit suicide |
| Guangxu | Four year old nephew of Empress Cixi who was assigned the role of Emperor. |
| Fall of Qing | 1) Opium wars (1839-1842) 2) Taiping Rebellion (1844-1864) 3) The Boxer Rebellion (1898-1901) |
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