1.
boyars: landowning nobles in Russia, had less power than their western European counterparts
2.
Chattel slavery: concept of believing that slaves were merely objects, not humans
3.
Cossacks: peasants recruited to migrate to lands in the southern parts of Russia, combined agriculture with military conquests
4.
Creole slaves: American born descendants of salt-water slaves
5.
Devshirme: in the Ottoman Empire, the policy of taking children from conquered Christian peoples to be trained as Muslim soldiers
6.
Diaspora: the scattering of people--- can be forced or voluntary
7.
Janissaries: Ottoman infantry divisions that dominated Ottoman armies- had great deal of political influence after 15th century
8.
middle passage: the voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies, and later to North and South America, to be sold as slaves-- so called because it was considered the middle leg of the triangular trade.
9.
Multinational State: an empire composed of many nations, nationalities, ethnic groups, cultures, religions, etc. e.g. Russia, Ottoman Empire
10.
salt-water slaves: African born slaves
11.
Sate, Suttee: Hindu ritual in India of immolating (sacrificing) surviving widows with the bodies of their deceased husbands
12.
Shah: King, title of the Mughal rulers
13.
triangular trade: the transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in North America
14.
tsar, czar: Russian emperor (from the Roman title Caesar)
15.
Vizier: head of the Ottoman bureaucracy, after the 15th cent. often more powerful than the sultan
16.
Westernization: to influence with ideas, customs, practices, etc. of Western Europe
