| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Physical characteristics of the Middle East. | Long rivers, valuable oil fields, rocky hills, fertile land, mountains, deserts, and coastlines. |
| Middle East rainfall, how much, when, what it affects | 2/3 of ME get less than 8 inches per year. This is least amount of rain needed for growing crops. This occurs when growing season is over. Determines wherepeople live, how long they stay, and how many people live there. |
| What is the Fertile Crescent? | An arc-shaped very fertile area of land producing silt which spreads from Persian Gulf along Mediterranean coast. One of the earliest western civilizations began here. |
| Why is land in Nile Valley fertile? | Because silt was left over from 1000s years ago by annual floods of the Nile River. |
| What's desalinization? Why is it important? | A process when seawater is made fresh and usable for drinking by removing the salt from it. It is then also used for irrigation. It's important because there is not much clean water present in ME. |
| Positive and Negative effects of Aswan Dam. | Positive: 1. It traps the Nile's water for irrigation 2. Prevents crops from being harmed by seasonal flooding. Negative: 1. It's seriously affected the environment because floodwaters don't deposit silt anymore so farmers have to add chemical fertilizers to the fields. 2. The absence of silt had increased land erosion in many areas. |
| 5 characteristics of civilization | 1. advanced cities 2. specialized workers 3. complex institutions 4. record keeping 5. advanced technology |
| First civilization in Mesopotamia was in... | Sumer, a region part of modern Iraq |
| City vs. Village | City is a center of trade for a larger area. |
| specialization is... | the development of skills in a specific kind of work. There was a surplus of food and people could focus on areas other than farming. |
| Artisans are... | skilled workeres who make goods by hand. |
| Record keeping was used for ... | recording cities wars, natural disasters, and the reign of kings |
| polytheism | the belief in more than one god. |
| cultural diffusion | the process in which a new idea or product spreads from one culture to another. |
| 3 examples of complex institutions | government, religion, economy |
| Role of temple in Sumer | Multi-purpose for distribution of goods, for government with preists, tax collections, passage of laws, storage of grain. |
| cuneiform | (wedge-shaped) another way of writing |
| 3 examples of advanced technology | sailboat, potter's wheel, wheel (1st made of wood) |
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