Physics IB glossary - electricity and magnetism
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Created by:
chrishcooper on April 7, 2011
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Coulomb's law | F=k (Q₁Q₂/r²) electric force between two point charges. also for two spherical objects, where r is measured from centre to centre. attractive for unlike charges and repulsive for like charges. |
| Current | charge per unit time passing through cross-sectional area. |
| Electric field | electric force per unit charge experienced by positive test charge. Vector. point charge Q produces electrical field magnitude E=k (lQl/r²) |
| electric potential | V=k(Q/r) work per unit charge in bringing test charge from infinity to a given point within electric field. electric potential is constant within conductor. scalar. |
| Electric Power | P=VI=RI²=V²/R rate of dissipation of electrical energy |
| Electron volt | 1eV=1.6x10⁻¹⁹J work done moving charge of e=1.6x10⁻¹⁹ through PD of 1volt. |
| Emf | work done in moving a positive test particle across the terminals of a battery. εI = total power dissipated when I is current in circuit. |
| Faraday's law | ε=N (ΔΦ/Δt) induced emf in loop is rate of change with time of magnetic flux linkage through the loop. |
| Lenz's law | direction of induced current is such to oppose change that created it. |
| Magnetic field strength | vector. magnitude is given by force on a unit charge moving at right angles to field with unit velocity. MFS, B, is at right angles for force it exerts. measured in Tesla. in straight wire: B=μ₀ (I/2πr) in solenoid : B=μ₀ (NI/L) |
| Magnetic flux linkage | Φ=NBAcosθ scalar. product of magnetic field strength, area of loop, no. turns of wire, and cosine of angle between the area normal and B |
| Magnetic force | F=qvBsinθ = BILsinθ moving charged particle or current will experience force in a magnetic field. |
| Ohm's law | current in a conductor at constant T is proportional to voltage across it. |
| path in electric field | for charged particle: parabola, or straight line if particle moves along a straight field line. |
| path in magnetic field | for charged particle: circle if moving at right angle to field, a helix, or a straight line if particle moves along a straight field line. radius of circular path: R=mv/qB |
| Resistance | R=V/I |
| Rms current | √ of average of square of current. for sinusoidally varying currents = peak voltage/ √2 |
| Rms voltage | √ of average of square of voltage. for siusoidally varying voltage = peak voltage / √2 |
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