Biology Test 3
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Created by:
tannagendreau on April 7, 2011
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they can achieve the finest resolution by using | a transmission electronic microscope. |
| The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that | light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells. |
| A primary objective of cell fractionation is to | separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined |
| In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is | the size and weight of the component. ` |
| What is the reason that a modern electron microscope (TEM) can resolve biological images to the subnanometer level, as opposed to tens of nanometers achievable for the best super-resolution light microscope? | Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. |
| All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except | an endoplasmic reticulum. |
| What is the function of the nucleus? | It houses DNA. |
| Mitosis refers to _____. | producing new cells |
| What is the function of the cell membrane? | take in and release materials |
| Which of the following is most important to transport within a cell? | microtubules and intracellular membranes |
| When do cells take on their unique characteristics? | during embryonic development |
| Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells? | the need for a surface area of sufficient area to support the cell's metabolic needs |
| The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved | endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria |
| Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? | Bacteria and Archaea |
| Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? | protiens |
| In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____. | transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA |
| A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely | producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins. |
| Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? | rough ER |
| Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes in animal cells? | lysosome |
| The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells? | smooth ER |
| Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted? | Golgi apparatus |
| Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? | vacuole |
| Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells? | mitochondria |
| In a plant cell, DNA may be found | in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. |
| Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system? | Its structure is not derived from the ER or Golgi. |
| In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, the enzymes of the peroxisome remove hydrogen from these molecules and | transfer the hydrogen to oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide. |
| How does the cell multiply its peroxisomes? | They split in two after they become sufficiently large. |
| Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures? | microtubules and motor proteins |
| The smallest cell structure that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-resolution) research-grade light microscope is | a mitochondrion. |
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