| Term | Definition |
|---|
| The transmission of traits from one generation to the next | heredity |
| Offspring differ somewhat in appearance from parents and siblings | variation |
| The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation | genetics |
| Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting ___________ | chromosomes |
| Hereditary units | genes |
| The genes we inherit from our mothers and fathers constitute our ______ | genome |
| ______ are segments of DNA | genes |
| DNA is a polymer of 4 different kinds of monomers called ___________ | nucleotides |
| Inherited information is passed on in the form of each gene's specific ________ of nucleotides | sequence |
| Unfertilized eggs | ova |
| In animals and plants, the cellular vehicles that transmit genes from one generation to the next are _____ and ova | sperm |
| Humans have __ chromosomes in their somatic cells | 46 |
| Each chromosome consists of a single long ___ molecule elaborately coiled with various proteins | DNA |
| A gene's specific location along the length of a chromosome is called the gene's ______ | locus |
| The plural of locus is ____ | loci |
| "Like begets like" applies only to organisms that reproduce __________ | asexually |
| In _________ reproduction, a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring | asexual |
| Single-celled eukaryotic organisms can reproduce asexually by _______ cell division, in which DNA is copied and allocated equally to two daughter cells | mitotic |
| The ______, a relative of the jellyfishes, is a multicellular organism that can reproduce asexually by budding | hydra |
| A group of genetically identical individuals | clones |
| _______ reproduction results in variation of offspring, who inherit unique combinations of genes from the two parents | sexual |
| The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism, from conception to production of its own offspring | life cycle |
| _____________ and meiosis alternate in sexual life cycles | fertilization |
| Another word for condensed chromosomes | mitotic |
| A micrograph display of the 46 chromosomes in pairs in human DNA | karyotype |
| ___________ chromosomes make up a pair and have the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern | homologous |
| X and Y, the sex chromosomes, are not ___________ | homologous |
| Human female sex chromosomes | XX |
| Human male sex chromosomes | XY |
| All other chromosomes besides the sex chromosomes are called _________ | autosomes |
| Sperm cells and ova are different from somatic cells in ___________ count | chromosome |
| Reproductive cells | gametes |
| Gametes have a single set of __ autosomes plus a single sex chromosome, either X or Y | 22 |
| A cell with a single chromosome set is called a _______ cell | haploid |
| Gametes are _______ cells | haploid |
| For humans, the haploid number, abbreviated n, is __ | 23 |
| The union of gametes | fertilization |
| Another name for fertilization | syngamy |
| A fertilized egg, containing the two haploid sets of chromosomes bearing the genes representing the maternal and paternal family lines | zygote |
| Zygotes are _______ cells | diploid |
| Cells having two sets of chromosomes are called _______ cells | diploid |
| For humans, the diploid number of chromosomes, abbreviated 2n, is __ | 46 |
| n=__ | 23 |
| 2n=__ | 46 |
| The zygote's genes are passed on with precision to all somatic cells of the body by the process of _______ | mitosis |
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