| Term | Definition |
|---|
| What did Avery's experiments show? | The transforming agent from Griffith's experiment was DNA, and can be prevented by protein destroying agents. |
| How are proteins made? | Transcription and Translation |
| How is the double helix unwound? | Helicase unwinds and breaks the Hydrogen bonds between base pairs |
| What are chromosomes made of? | Nucleotides that build up DNA which holds deoxyribose, phosphate, and one of the 4 bases |
| What are the 4 nitrogenous bases of RNA? | Adenine, Guanine, Uracil, Cytosine |
| What are the 4 nitrogenous bases of DNA? | Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine |
| What are the different types of mutations and what do they do? | Chromosomal mutations-which affect multiple genes, DNA mutations- which affect a single gene |
| What are the parts of a tRNA molecule? | Attachment site for amino acids, anticodon for attachment to mRNA, acts as interpreter that carries amino acids to the correct codon |
| What are the three parts of RNA and what do they do? | rRna- ribosomal RNA which makes up a ribosome, tRNA- which carries the amino acid to the ribosome, mRNA- which encodes the DNA's blueprint for a protein product |
| What did Chargaff state? | The concentrations of A and T, G and C are the same, therefore they must pair to form the double helix |
| What did Griffith observe? | The procedss of transformation was occuring between harmless and harmful strains of bacteria |
| What did Hershey and Chase conclude? | DNA was in fact the hereditary material |
| What did Rosiland Franklin discover? | X ray photograph showing that DNA is a tightly coiled double helix |
| What did Watson and Crick discover? | Established the structure of DNA, concluded bases are held together by hydrogen bonds |
| What does DNA polymerase do? | Adds the complimentary base to DNA |
| What does RNA polymerase do? | Opens the DNA molecule, attaches to DNA, and adds the complimentary base to mRNA |
| What happens during replication? | DNA is copied |
| What happens in transcription? | DNA is replicated into the mRNA |
| What happens during translation? | Decoding mRNA into proper amino acid sequence |
| What is a codon chart and how is it used? | Chart used to decode mRNA in amino acid |
| What is a codon? | A sequence of 3 bases |
| What is a nucleotide made of? (3 things) | nitrogen base, phosphate, sugars |
| What is a promoter? | Contains TATA box, site of initiation for transcription |
| What is a purine? | double ring ring bases, G and A |
| What is a pyrimidine? | single ring bases , C and T |
| What is a anticodon? | it ensures that the proper amino acid is delivered to mRNA |
| What is replication? | process of copying DNA, prior to cell division |
| What is the complimentary DNA strand to ATTCAGCGA? | TAAGTCGCT |
| What is the complimentary RNA strand to ATTCAGCGA? | UAAGUCGCU |
| What is the lagging strand? What is the leading strand? | Lagging- strand growing away from forks , contains okasaki fragments. Leading- grows toward forks, no fragments |
| What sugar is in DNA? RNA? | 1. Deoxyribose. 2. Ribose |
| Where is DNA found in Eukaryotes? Prokaryotes? | 1. Nucleus. 2. Cytoplasm |
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