| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Life Functions | those processes that all living things must perform |
| 8 Life Functions | Nutrition, Transport, Excretion, Respiration, Regulation, Growth, Reproduction, Synthesis & Assimilation |
| Nutrition | to take in food for energy, growth, and repair |
| Ingestion | the intake of food |
| Digestion | the breaking down of food into a usable form |
| Egestion | the removal of indigestible material |
| Transportation | the movement of nutrients around an organism |
| Passive Transport | transport that does not require energy to move substances |
| Active Transport | transport that does require energy to move substances |
| Excretion | the removal of toxic wastes (i.e. Urea- urinating; Salt- perspiring; Carbon Dioxide- breathing; Methane Gas- releasing gas) |
| Respiration | the conversion of food energy into chemical energry |
| Aerobic Respiration | uses oxygen to make energy |
| Anaerobic Respiration | does not use oxygen to make energy |
| Regulation | the control and coordination of all life functions |
| Homeostasis | maintaining of stable internal environment |
| Metabolism | sum of all chemical reactions in a cell |
| Growth | an increase of size and/or number of cells |
| Reproduction | the making of new cells or individuals |
| Asexual Reproduction | requires one cell and identical offspring |
| Sexual Reproduction | requires two cells and similar looking offspring |
| Synthesis | to make larger molecules out of small molecules |
| Assimilation | to make part of you |
| Cell Organelles | the parts of the cell that perform life functions |
| Cell Membrane | surrounds and protects the cell; has pores that allow substances to enter cell; semi-permeable (allows only certain organisms to enter); |
| Nucleus | controls the cell's activities; brain of the cell |
| Chromosomes | tells the cell its function; found in the nucleus |
| Mitochondria | power house of the cell; site of aerobic respiration |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | transfers proteins around the cell |
| Two Types of ER | Smooth ER and Rough ER |
| Ribosomes | make proteins |
| Nucleolus | found in the nucleus; makes ribosomes |
| Golgi Bodies (Apparatus) | packages the proteins |
| Cytoplasm | a jelly-like substance that protects the organelles |
| Vacuoles | store excess food, water, and gas |
| Lysosomes | breaks down food; only found in animal cells |
| Centrioles | aid in cell division; only found in animal cells |
| Chloroplasts | performs photosynthesis; found only in plant cells |
| Cell Walls | protects and supports the cell; found only in plant cells |
| Organelles found in the Nucleus | Chromosomes and Nucleolus |
| Organelles only found in Plant Cells | Cell Walls and Chloroplasts |
| Organelles only found in Animal Cells | Lysosomes and Centrioles |
| Hydrophilic Heads | water-loving |
| Hydrophobic Tails | water-fearing |
| Shape of Plant Cells | square |
| Shape of Animal Cells | circle |
| Scientists who discovered the Cell | Galileo, Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, Brown, Schleiden & Schwann, Virchow |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | first scientist to invent a single lens microscope; first to discover bacteria (accidentally) |
| Robert Brown | discovered the nucleus of a cell |
| Robert Hooke | coined the term "cell" by thinking that they looked like jail cells |
| Rudolph Virchow | discovered that all cells come from other cells |
| Schleiden & Schwann | discovered that all living organisms are made up of cells |
| Cell Theory | states that all living things are made up of cells, all cells come from other cells, and that all cells are the basic structure and function of all living things (does NOT abide to viruses) |
| Microscope | allows you to see microscopic organisms |
| Ocular (eye piece) | what you look through; magnifies object 10x; inside is a pointer that is used to point |
| Objective Lens | magnifies the objects even more |
| 3 Types of Objective Lens | Low Power (magnifies 4x), Medium Power (magnifies 10x), High Power (magnifies 40x) |
| Nosepiece | used to switch to different objective lens |
| Stage | where you place the slide |
| Diaphragm | used to adjust the amount of light that passes through the specimen |
| Light Source | Passes light through the specimen so that you can observe it |
| Base & Arm | used to hold and support the microscope |
| Course Adjustment Knob | moves the stage up and down to focus the specimen |
| Fine Adjustment Knob | sharpens the image (changes the resolution) |
| Resolution | sharpness of an image |
Combine with other sets
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