Vessels and Circulation #1a
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Systemic circulation | Consists of the left atrium, left ventricle, and all the named arteries and veins that blood travels through until it comes back to the heart. (up to, but NOT including the right atrium) |
| Pulmonary circulation | Consists of the right atrium, right ventricle, and all the named arteries and veins that blood travels through until it comes back to the heart (up to, but NOT including the left atrium) |
| Anastomosis | A site where two or more arteries (or two or more veins) merge to supply the same body region. |
| Companion vessels | When an artery travels with a corresponding vein. They service the same body region and tend to lie next to one another. |
| Tunics | Layers of artery walls and vein walls |
| Lumen | Inside space of the blood vessel through which blood flows. |
| Tunica intima | The innermost layer of a blood vessel |
| Tunica intima | Composed of endothelium and a subendothelial layer made up of a thin layer of connective tissue. |
| Tunica media | Middle layer of the vessel wall. Composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells. Muscles that vasoconstrict and vasodilate |
| Tunica externa | Outermost layer of the blood vessel wall. Composed of connective tissue that contains elastic and collagen fibers. |
| Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa | The three layers of the blood vessels |
| Patent | Open |
| Interstitial fluid | Fluid surrounding the tissue cells |
| Elastic arteries | The largest arteries. Includes the aorta, pulmonary, brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclavian, common iliac arteries. |
| Muscular arteries | Medium-sized arteries. Has some elastic fibers. Thicker tunica media. Most arteries are muscular arteries. |
| Arterioles | Smallest arteries. Regulate blood flow through the capillaries and affect blood pressure |
| Capillaries | Connect arterioles to venules. The functional units of the cardiovascular system |
| Sickle-cell disease | Causes blockages and infarctions in body organs (spleen and brain). Caused by inheritance of a gene for abnormal hemoglobin (hemoglobin-S) |
| Continuous capillaries | The most common type of capillaries. Materials can pss through the endothelia cells or the intercellular clefts to and from the surrounding interstitial fluid |
| Fenestrated capillaries | Capillaries that have windows in each endothelial cell. Seen where a great deal of fluid transport occurs between the blood and interstitial fluid of the tissues (intestines, endocrine glands, and kidneys) |
| Sinusoids | Capillaries that tend to be wider larger vessels with openings that allow for transport of larger materials, such as proteins or blood cells (bone marrow, spleen, anterior pituitary, LIVER, and other locations) |
| Veins | At rest, they hold about 60% of the body's blood. "Bloody reservoirs" |
| Venules | Smallest veins. Meausre 8 to 100 micrometers. |
| Skeletal muscle pump | The name of the process when nearby skeletal muscles squeeze veins when they (the muscles) shorten and contract. |
| Left and right coronary arteries | The only arteries that come out of the ascending aorta. |
| Brachiocephalic trunk | Bifurcates into the right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery |
| Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery | Arterial branches of the aortic arch |
| Right common carotid artery, right subclavian artery | Bifurcates from the brachiocephalic trunk |
| Aortic transections | Can be caused by sudden decelerations (car crashes). Typically fatal (DRT) |
| Aortic dissections | 90% fatal and very painful |
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