4 Written Questions

1. The sequence, or order, in which the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) are arranged in a gene or a DNA fragment, or in an organism's genome.
2. A pair of complementary nitrogenous bases that have formed hydrogen bonds with each other.
3. The structure of DNA, in which two long strands of covalently bonded nucleotidesare held together by hydrogen bonds and
   twisted into a spiral coil.
4. The key enzyme that cells use to replicate their DNA. In DNA technology, DNA polymerase is used in the polymerase chain reaction to make many copies of a gene or other DNA sequence.

3 Multiple Choice Questions

1. A three-step process in which damage to DNA is repaired. Damaged DNA is first recognizedthen removed, and then replaced with newly synthesized DNA.
   1. base pair
   2. DNA sequence
   3. DNA repair
   4. DNA replication
2. A form of programmed cell death that generally benefits the organism.
   1. base pair
   2. apoptosis
   3. DNA repair
   4. mutagen
3. The duplication, or copying, of a DNA molecule. DNA replication begins when the hydrogen bonds connecting the two strands of DNA are broken, causing the strands to unwind and separate. Each strand is then used as a template for the construction of a new strand of DNA.
   1. DNA sequence
   2. DNA replication
   3. DNA polymerase
   4. DNA repair

3 True/False Questions

1. mutagen → A form of programmed cell death that generally benefits the organism.

   True        False

2. mismatch error → A substance or energy source that alters DNA.

   True        False

3. complementary strand → A strand of DNA whose sequence of bases can pair (according to base-pairing rules) with the sequence of bases found in a focal DNA strand.

   True        False