Anatomy Heart
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42 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 pulmonary circulation | circulation in which pulmonary arteries on right side of heart carry blood to lungs to bring oxygen and remove co2, return blood to left heart via pulmonary veins |
| systematic circulation | circulation in which chambers on left side of heart pump blood into aorta which transports blood to all bodily organs and tissues. Systematic veins low in oxygen merge into superior and inferior venae cavae which drains in right atrium |
| pericardium | fibrous sac surrounding heart |
| fibrous pericardium | tough outer portion of pericardium that connected to diaphragm and great vessels |
| serous pericardium | thin inner layer of pericardium; double layered |
| parietal layer | layer of serous pericardium that lines inner surface of fibrous pericardium |
| visceral layer | layer of serous pericardium that covers outside of heart |
| pericardial cavity | thin space between parietal and visceral layers; lubricated by serous fluid |
| epicardium | outer most layer of heart (synonymous with visceral layer); fat deposition |
| myocardium | middle layer of heart; thickest; consists of cardiac muscle |
| endocardium | inner most layer of heart; simple squamous epithelium |
| atria | thin walled chambers; located superiorly; smaller |
| ventricles | inferior chambers in heart; larger |
| pulmonary trunk | vessel on top of heart; transport blood from right ventricle to pulmonary system |
| aorta | vessel on top of heart; transports blood from left ventricle to systematic circulation |
| sulci | structure that seperates ventricles and atria |
| fibrous skeleton | located between atria and ventricles; anchors heart; provides electrical insulation etc |
| right atrium | this structure receives blood from systematic circulation |
| superior vena cava | drains blood form head, neck, and upper limbs |
| inferior vena cava | drains blood from lower limbs and trunk |
| coronary sinus | drains blood form heart wall |
| interatrial septum | froms thin wall between left and right atrium; has smooth and rough edges called pectinate muscles |
| right atrioventricular valve (av) | covers right atrioventricular opening and seperates atrium and ventricle; 3 cusps |
| interventricular septum | thick wall between right and left ventricles; muscles on wall are called trabeculae cornae |
| papillary muscles | cone like projections in ventricles that anchor chordae tendinae |
| pulmonary semilunar valve | valve between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk |
| left atrium | this structure receives blood from pulmonary circulation |
| left atrioventricular valve (av) | covers atrioventricular opening; 2 cusps |
| left ventricle | the wall of this ventricle is three times thicker than the other |
| aortic semilunar valve | valve between left ventricle and aorta |
| left and right coronary arteries | travel within coronary sulcus to supply heart wall; only branches of ascending aorta |
| right coronary artery | this artery branches into marginal artery (supplies right border) and posterior interventricular artery (supplies posterior surface of ventricles) |
| left coronary artery | this artery branches into anterior interventricular artery (supplies anterior surface of ventricles) and circumflex artery (supplies left ventricle and atrium) |
| coronary sinus | cardiac veins drain into this |
| sinoatrial node | initiates heart beat |
| atrioventricular node | picks up impulses from sinoatrial node and slows conduction of impulse form the atria to ventricles |
| atrioventricular bundle | receives impulses from av node and conducts impulses to conduction fibers called Pukinje cells |
| autonomic nervous system | heart is innervated by this nervous system, which consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic components |
| sympathetic innervation | stems from T1 - T5 ganglia an can increase rate of heart |
| parasympathetic innervation | can decrease heart rate |
| systole | contraction of heart chamber |
| diastole | relaxation of heart chamber |
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