| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Prester John | One of the Christian myths, he had a Christian kingdom in Africa |
| Marco Polo | Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade |
| Ptolemy | Ancient Greek Astronomer developed an eight volume book on map making |
| Prince Henry the Navigator | (1394-1460) Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire. |
| Bartholomeu Dias | Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get round the Cape of Good Hope (thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia) (1450-1500) |
| Vasco da Gama | 1497-1499 Portuguese explorer who sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and on to the southwest coast of India |
| Christopher Columbus | Italian explorer who sailed to the Caribbean trying to find a western route to Asia |
| Vasco Nunez de Balboa | Spanish explorer who became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean in 1510 while exploring Panama |
| Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese explorer who reached the Philippines and his crew was the first to circumnavigate the world |
| Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547) |
| Pizarro | Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541) |
| Sir Robert Clive | He is an aggressive British Empire Builder, and chief representative of East India company |
| Tokugawa | The administration (shogun) that introduced Japan's policy of isolationism |
| Henry Hudson | English navigator who discovered the Hudson River |
| Jacques Cartier | French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557) |
| Samuel de Champlain | French explorer in Nova Scotia who established a settlement on the site of modern Quebec (1567-1635) |
| Jacob Fugger | Headed leading banking, and trading house in 16th century Europe (NOT the Florentine family! that was a different time period!) |
| Mercator | Made the volumes of maps that showed the rue shape of landmasses. Near the equator, it was quite accurate, but the further away you went, the less accurate it became |
| Thomas | The apostle that set up a Christian community in India in Christian myths |
| Mansa Musa | ruled Mali from 1312 to 1332; spread interest in Mali as he journeyed to Mecca |
| Pedro Alvares Cabral | Accidentally established Brazil as a Portuguese colony |
| Ferdinand and Isabella | The King and Queen of Spain who financed Columbus' first voyage to find a western route to Asia |
| Ponce de Leon | Searched for the Fountain of Youth, but found Florida instead. |
| Atahualpa | Last ruling Incan emperor of Peru. Executed by the Spanish (Pizarro) |
| Marquette | French missionary who accompanied Louis Joliet in exploring the upper Mississippi River valley (1637-1675) |
| La Salle | Explored Mississippi to Gulf of Mexico and claims Louisiana for France |
| Las Casas | A priest who spoke out against the mistreatment of native peoples but who died in anguish because of the pain that his plan caused the Native Americans |
| Conquistadors | Spanish soldiers and explorers who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain |
| Aztecs | Formed a large empire in present-day Mexico with Tenochtitlan as its capital |
| Incas | This civilization was located in modern-day Peru. |
| Viceroys | Royal governors sent by Spain to rule in the King's name. |
| Dutch East India Company | founded in 1602-became major force behind Dutch imperialism |
| Joint Stock Companies | firm resulting when a group of persons pooled their money to create a business or company and allowed them to take risks |
| British East India Company | Government charted joint-stock company that controlled spice trade in the East Indies after the Dutch |
| Cottage Industries | Weaving, sewing, carving, and other small-scale industries that can be done in the home in Africa but when manufactured goods began to reach Africa they were doomed and they downfall led to the permanent damage of the African economy |
| Black Hole of Calcutta | a dungeon (20 feet square) in a fort in Calcutta where as many as 146 English prisoners were held overnight |
| Qing Dynasty | dynasty set up by the Manchus around the early 1600s |
| Ming Dynasty | Chinese dynasty that provided an interval of native rule between eras of Mongol and Manchu dominance |
| West Indies | the islands in the Caribbean Sea |
| The Navigation Acts | Laws passed by Parliament that allowed the 13 colonies to only buy from the merchants of England |
| Price Revolution | increase in prices in 16th century-inflation-increased demand for goods-influx of gold and silver |
| Mercantilism | The philosophy that a favorable balance of trade = more exports than imports and the colonies are to serve the mother country |
| Tariffs | a tax on foreign goods brought into a country |
| Favorable Balance of Trade | the economic situation that results when a nation exports more than it imports |
| providing a marketplace and raw materials | How the colonies serve the mother country |
| Middle Passage | The part of the Great Circuit involving the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas |
| Indigenous | Native to a place. |
| Mestizos | A person of mixed Native American and European ancestory |
| Mulattoes | People of European and African ancestry in the latin American colonies. |
| Western Hemisphere | North America, South America, and Carribean are in this hemisphere |
| Cartography | the making of maps and charts |
| Compass and Astrolabe | The New Navigational Tools |
| China | Compass was from China |
| Caravels | New ships in the AOD that were more sea-worthy |
| Money Economy | Economic system based on the use of money as a measure of value and a unit of account |
| Artisans | the $ economy allowed __________ to set prices and make a profit |
| Asian Goods | As a result of the $ economy artisans were able to demand _____________________ |
| Monopolies | Corporations that gain complete control of the production of a single good or service. |
Combine with other sets
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