Humanities 111 TEST 3
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marktravis7 on April 11, 2011
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95 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Start and end dates of the Roman Empire | 31 BC-476 AD |
| Date of the Council of Nicea | 325 AD |
| Date of the Edict of Milan | 313 AD |
| Date of the Founding of Islam | 622 AD |
| Date of the Battle of Tours | 732 AD |
| Date Charlemagne was crowned emperor | 800 AD |
| Date of the Treaty of Verdun | 843 AD |
| Dates of the Romanesque Era | 1000-1200 AD |
| Roman Task | Bring order, law, and government to other peoples |
| Circus Maxiumus | Chariot Race arena, held 120,000 |
| Column of Trajan | 125 ft high, relief structures spiral all around column, statue of St. Peter on top |
| number of miles of roads built by the roman soldiers or slaves | 50000 |
| Three possible uses for aqueducts | Transport water, form a bridge, or road |
| Gravitas | Grave mentality, serious |
| Origin of "decimation" | If one member of the roman army showed cowardice, every 10th member was put to death. Root "Deci" |
| Population of rome at its height | over one million |
| economic demographic of rome | 90% of the population was poor, no middle class. 20% unemployed, 50% had state jobs |
| Name of small apartments where 45,000 romans lived (90% of population) | Insulae |
| Diet of poor | Bread, wine, olives |
| Number of people the colosseum could hold | 50,000 seated, 10-20,000 standing |
| number of humans/animals killed in the colosseum daily | over 1000 animals and 100 humans. sometimes there was a foot of blood on the arena floor |
| Edict of Milan | Christianity would be tolerated. Instituted by Constantine after a vision of a cross and a victory in Battle of the Milvian Bridge |
| Petrine Supremacy | Peter is the head of the church in the west |
| A Peacock on a grave symbolizes | everlasting life |
| Famous Roman aqueduct in Gaul | Pont du Gard |
| Roman Sanitation | Knew swamps and marshes led to disease, provided sewers and drains for new territories |
| Name of city plan developed by Roman engineers for the army | Castrum Plan |
| Romanizing | Intermarrying resulting from soliders marrying local girls in new territories. Encouraged by government because that committed solider to that area. Increased citizens that could be taxed. |
| Palace of Diocletian | Standard format for cities and palaces, had a big defensive wall around it. |
| Roman Realism | Admired by romans, in contrast to the idealism of the Greeks |
| Paterfamilias | Family structure where the father was head of the household, had power of life and death over everyone in house. Could sell his children into slavery, or even kill wife |
| Simplicitas | Romans wanted everything simple and direct. No excuses |
| Virtus | Manliness, taught to young, exemplified through practice of "decimation" |
| Pietus | duty, society over the individual |
| Baths of Caracalla: "Poor man's palace" | Huge public bath houses. Rooms called tepedarium (room temp, had lockers) then to the hot room caldarium (like a sauna/hot tub) then to the frigidarium (cold air pumped thru floor) |
| Furor | Opposite of pietas; needed to be controlled through watching the gladiators so it wouldn't be taken out on public |
| Mosaics of Rich in villas | Had a dog mosaic on front entryway to guard against theft, had mosaics of food on the floor of dining area because they would throw their food on the floor for the slaves to pick up. |
| Via Sacra | The sacred road, leads to the roman forum |
| Harbor Street | In Asia Minor (Ephesus), shows that eastern roman empire was very wealthy. Beautiful streets with marble, lined with columns and statues |
| Christianity | Spread quickly because of Roman persecution and roads, Christians were killed in the Colosseum. |
| Roman burials | Romans would cremate their bodies and have tombs outside city |
| Christian burials | Christians practiced inhumation or the burying of their dead, since Christianity was forbidden, had to dig Catacombs under the city in the Tufa (volcanic rock) |
| Loculi | Little crevices were the bodies were placed in the catacombs |
| Cubiculae | Private family burial areas |
| Aranz or aront prayer | People praying with uplifted hands, depicted on early christian burial places |
| Syncretism | Adapting what people already knew to the new religion. (i.e. depicting Christ like Apollo and the unconquered sun |
| Theodocius | Emperor who made Christianity the state religion and outlawed paganism |
| Diocletian | Came up with the idea to split up roman empire into two empires. Eastern capital at Byzantium, Western at Rome |
| Germanic tribes (Goths) Sack Rome | Romans spread themselves too thin, the Goths were pushed south due to the harsh weather and overran the western empire |
| Emperor Honorius | Moved western capital to Ravenna, Italy because it was surrounded by rivers and marshes, so hard to invade |
| Galla Placidia | Daughter of Theodocius, kidnapped by the Goths when they sacked Rome. They wanted to exchange her for ships and grain but her brother didn't give in. She later married the Gothic Chieftain, once he died she married the next emperor of Rome, he died so she ruled Rome for about 25 years |
| Justinian | Emperor who expanded Byzantine Empire, reclaimed much of the West. His law code was one of the first modern law codes |
| Crusades | Opened up the east to trade, brought about an influx of goods (silk and spices). Resulted in the Renaissance |
| Medieval towns | Self sufficient and independent because they were based on trade. People flocked to towns to become merchants |
| Bergers or Bourgeoisie | Middle class in medieval towns (neither serf nor aristocrat) |
| Serfs | Individuals tied to the land. If they made it to the city and lived there for a year and a day they would be free. Not slaves. could keep 1/3 of whatever they produced |
| Merchant Guilds | Governed marketplace, set hours and days of operation, controlled prices of goods and standards for measurements |
| Craft Guilds | resulted as a result of increased specialization within individual crafts. Supervised production of goods and training of craftsmen. |
| Apprentice Craftsman | Lowest, worked in return for training. |
| Journeymen Craftsmen | Licensed artisans, paid by the day (journee=paid by the day) |
| Master Craftsmen | Operate workshops, train others, vote in guild. Only acknowledged as master once journeyman completed his masterpiece and the guild accepted it. |
| Problems of Medieval cities | pollution, overcrowding, crime, disease (black death) |
| Latin Cross | one long arm and three shorter ones |
| Augustan Hero | Model of the ideal Roman |
| Res Gestae | Writing about Augustus' life carved in marble, cast in bronze and erected all over rome. |
| Cloisonne | introduced by the huns, metal was welded together in small bags/purses |
| Arabia | One third the size of the USA, mecca was the largest city. Wealthy, teeming religious center |
| kaaba | Large black stone, inhabited by a god, lots of idols around it. |
| Mohammed | Bedouin merchant, told by the Angel Gabriel to preach to the people of Mecca to believe in only one god. |
| Ummah | All unite in worship of 1 god |
| Hijra | The fleeing of Mohammad from Meca to Medina. The foundation of Islam |
| Muslim definition | "one who submits" |
| Islam definition | Submission to the will of Allah |
| 5 pillars of Islamic Faith | 1. Recite the creed 2. pray 5 times daily 3. fasting 4. Alms giving 5. Pilgrimage |
| Spread of Islam | Monotheism attractive, if didn't convert, had to pay a tax. Built cities everywhere which became trade hubs |
| Sunni Muslims | Majority of Muslims (more secular) |
| Shiite Muslims | More strict |
| Sufi Muslims | Wealthy |
| Caliph | Political and religious authority |
| Imam | Prayer leader |
| Mullah | Muslim religious scholar |
| Mosque | Muslim prayer hall |
| Charles Martel | "the hammer" Frankish king who fought at the battle of tours |
| Charlemagne | "charles the great" Established capital at Aachen. Strong centralized government, dreamed of reestablishing Rome |
| Holy Roman Empire | Divided Kingdom into administrative places and put counts over each. |
| Missi Dominaci | Two men, one secular, one from the church appointed by Charlemagne to check on his subjects |
| Louis the Pious | Son of Charlemagne |
| Primo Genator | "first born" has inheritance |
| Feudalism | System of dividing up land, Hierarchical |
| Seven Sacraments | Baptism, Confirmation, Marriage, Eucharist, Confession, Holy Orders, Last Rites |
| Excommunication | Powerful tool which took away the sacraments from people |
| Interdict | Excommunication of a large group of people |
| Simony | The Selling of church offices |
| Pope Gregory the 7th | God's representative on Earth, believed in investiture or that church could appoint church officials |
| Concordat of worms | Church could elect bishop, but King could be present. |
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