1.
aging and stress (Hunter and Gillen 2009): declining health, loss of family and friends, employment and financial problems, alienation from the larger society, and loneliness
2.
alarm: the body releases adrenal hormones, sympathetic nervous system is activated
3.
approach-approach conflicts: a choice must be made between two desirable goals- least stressful type of conflict
4.
approach-avoidance conflict: a choice must be made about to achieve a goal which has both positive and negative attributes
5.
avoidance-avoidance conflict: a choice must be made between two unattractive goals
6.
catharsis: release of emotional tension
7.
center for disease control and prevention (2007): STDs remain a major public health challenge in the United States. Estimates approximately 19 million new infections occur each year- almost half of them among the young people 15-24 years of age
8.
change: any notable difference in one's life which requires adaptation. both positive and negative life changes can be stressful
9.
conflict: two or m ore competing and incompatible goals
10.
constructive coping strategies: healthy efforts to deal with a stressful event making one more resilient to the stressor
11.
coping: what strategies you use to buffer against the stress cycle. active efforts to master, reduce or accept the demands created by stress
12.
coping strategies for elderly: exercise improves both physiological and psychological well being, recreational activities, building a sense of community
13.
defense mechanisms: compensation, denial, fantasy, identification, intellectualization, isolation, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, regression, repression, sublimation
14.
emotion focused: how to change perceptions/ reactions to the situation
15.
exhaustion: increased physiological vulnerability to stress
16.
frustration: the pursuit of a goal is prevented
17.
general adaptation syndrome: (selye) all types of stressful situations lead to a similar stress response consisting of three stages
18.
health impairing behaviors: smoking, poor nutritional habits, lack of exercise, alcohol/drug use, risky behaviors
19.
holmes and rahe social readjustment scale: death of spouse: 100 points, marital reconciliation: 45 points, change in financial status: 38 points
20.
kanner: also studied stress in terms of "daily hassles" to sum total of mundane life tasks combine to create significant levels of stress.
21.
maladaptive coping for elderly: substance abuse and social withdrawal, elderly at risk for depression which is undiagnosed or untreated
22.
maladaptive coping strategies: harmful act to someone verbally or physically, who is not actually the true "object" of the hostility
23.
optimism: people with more positive outlooks handles stress better
24.
post 9/11 research findings: much initial research looked at college students, flight attendants, pilots and firefighters. researchers relied on other findings specific to reactions to other traumas commonly note increased anxiety reactions
25.
post traumatic stress disorder: enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic even
26.
pressure: expectations or demands that one behaves in a particular manner
27.
problem focused: how to change the situation
28.
resistance: body is on "high alert"
29.
self-indulgence: compensate for deprived/ frustrated feelings by trying to promote a feeling of satisfaction in another area
30.
smoking and health: smokers have significantly shorter life expectancies, lung cancer, heart disease, hypertension, emphysema
31.
social supports: presence of social supports provide adaptive coping/ release from pressures
32.
stress: any circumstances that threatens or is perceived to threaten one's well being. has both psychological and physiological components
33.
stress and personality style interact with health: type A personalities have 2x the risk of disease. stress in general lowers/decreases the body's immune responses
34.
stress reducers: therapeutic interventions, exercise, pets and plants
35.
symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder: replaying or recurrent thoughts of trauma, phobic avoidance of similar places, oversensitivity to sounds/increased startle reaction, nervousness, increased irritability, blunted emotion, sleep disturbance, cognitive misperceptions, decreased sense of trust, less future oriented
36.
terman's sample: conscientiousness has been associated with positive physical health and higher rates of longevity
37.
women: biological factors place women at higher risk for consequences of STDs/STIs. chlamydia and gonorrhea pose a particular risk to the health of women, as both can result in infertility if untreated
