Prentice Hall Biology, Chapter 20
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Anther | Part of a flower that produces a male gametophyte |
| 3 Ways of Seed dispersal | Animals, Wind, Water |
| Monocot Seed Adaptations | Covering sheath |
| Dicot Seed Adaptations | Hooked shoot tip |
| Functions of the root system | Anchors plant in the soil, absorbs minerals and water, absorbs food |
| Fibrous Roots | Monocot; mat of thin roots spread out below the surface |
| Taproot | Dicot; large vertical root with smaller branches |
| Shoot system | Stems, leaves and flowers Transports water, provides support, makes food, stores food |
| Buds | Undeveloped shoots |
| Blade | Main part of a leaf |
| Petiole | Connect leaf to a stem |
| 3 Main Tissue Systems | Dermal Tissue, Vascular Tissue, Ground Tissue |
| Dermal Tissue | Outer covering |
| Vascular Tissue | Xylem and Phloem; transports water, nutrients, and minerals between the roots and shoots |
| Xylem | Transports water and minerals upward from the roots |
| Phloem | Transports food made in the leaves downwards |
| Ground Tissue | Fills spaces between dermal and vascular tissue; functions in photosynthesis, support, storage |
| Cortex | Ground tissue in the roots |
| 3 Basic Cell Types | Parenchyma cells, Collenchyma cells, Sclerenchyma cells |
| Parenchyma Cells | Have thin cell walls and large vacuoles Function in food storage, photosynthesis, and cellular respiration |
| Collenchyma Cells | Unevenly thickened cell walls that support growing plant tissue |
| Sclerenchyma Cells | Specialized for support, form a "skeleton" after dying that supports a network of tubes to transport materials |
| Meristems | Produce new dermal, vascular, and ground tissue |
| Apical Meristems | Found in the tips of roots and shoots; produce cells that enable a plant to grow in length |
| Primary Growth | Growing in length |
| Root cap | protects the cells of the apical meristem |
| Axillary Buds | Formed by pockets of meristematic cells left behind, give rise to new branches |
| Secondary Growth | Growth in plant width |
| Vascular Cambium | Meristematic tissue located between the xylem and phloem Creates secondary xylem on one side and creates secondary phloem on the other side |
| Wood | Secondary xylem, with each added layer of xylem the stem or root thickens |
| Cork Cambium | Produces a tough outer layer of cork; prevents water loss and protects the plant's internal tissues |
| Bark | Everything outside the vascular cambium; phloem, cork cambium, and cork |
| Tree rings | Form from layer of xylem produced by vascular cambium, during cool conditions wide xylem forms, during warm conditions, narrow xylem forms |
| Cotyledon | Functions in the storage and transfer of nutrients to the embryo 2 in dicots: 1 in monocots |
| Vegetative Reproduction | Produces offspring genetically identical to the parent; asexual reproduction |
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