| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Interphase | time between cell division-cell spends most of cell cycle in it-G1, S, G2 |
| Prophase | 1. coiling of DNA into chromosomes 2. nucleolus & nuclear membrane disapear 3. centrosomes appear & move towards poles 5. spindle fibers made of microtubles come from centrosomes 6. mitotic spindle equally divides the chromatid between 2 offspring cells |
| Metaphase | chromosomes move to the middle of the dividing cell |
| Anaphase | 1. chromatid separates at centromere, moves centromere first to opposite poles |
| Telephase | chromosomes reach opposite poles, spindle fibers disassemble & chromosomes return to less likely coiled 2. nuclear membrane and nucleolus forms |
| Cytokinesis | pinching inward at poles by microfilaments, cleavage furrow forms or (plant) cell plate forms in the middle of the cell |
| Chromosome | rod shaped structure made of protein + DNA |
| Histrone | helps maintain shape shape of chromosome, aid in tight packing DNA |
| Centromere | holds each chromatid together |
| chromatid | each half of the chromosome |
| chromatin | less tightly coiled DNA protein |
| sex chromosomes | determine sex of organism |
| autosomes | all other chromosomes |
| homologous chromosome | 2 copies of each autosome, same size and shape |
| karyotype | photomicrograph of chromosomes in a human |
| diploid | 2n normal cells, |
| haploid | 1n sperm & egg cells |
| G1 phase | growth phase |
| S phase | DNA is copied |
| G2 phase | Growth & preparation for cell division |
| prokaryotes | 1 chromosome-circular attached to inside of cell membrane |
| Go phase | do not copy DNA, or prepare for cell division |
| miosis | reduces the chromosome number in half to form eggs and sperm |
| binary fission | prokaryotes reproduce 3 stages- dna copied, grows twice its size, divides |
| centrosome | organelle near nucleus, base for spindle fiber |
Combine with other sets
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