Pathology Study Guide #4- MSP
About this set
Created by:
irbravox2 on April 12, 2011
Subjects:
pathology, respiratory tract, urinary tract, nervous system
Description:
Pathology Study Guide #4, Donna Backhus, Thomas Taggart, Urinary Tract, Respiratory Tract, Nervous system, Isla Bravo, irbravox2
Classes:
MCC_MSP 2011-2012, Mesa Community College Mortuary Science 2010-2011
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96 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Define rhinitis | Inflammation of the mucous membranes that lines the nose. |
| Define sinusitis | Inflammation of the membrane lining of the facial sinuses. |
| Define pharyngitis | Inflammation of the pharynx |
| Another term for the common cold is | Coryza |
| Define tracheitis | Inflammation of the trachea |
| Define bronchitis | Inflammation of the airways that connect the trachea and lungs |
| There are several kinds of this- can be caused by bacteria | viruses, fungi, chemical/physical agents and inactivity, Pneumonia |
| Inflammation of one or more lobes of the lung is called | Lobar Pneumonia |
| An infection of the bronchioles | a bronchitis, Bronchiopneumonia |
| Influenzal pneumonia caused by an inhaled virus | Viral Pneumonia |
| Define pleurisy | Inflammation of the pleura |
| What is Empyema? | Accumulation of pus in the body cavity or in certain organs |
| Caused by the inhalation of Mycobacterium? How is it spread? | Tuberculosis / Airborne droplet spray |
| Inflammation of the lungs or chronic induration (hardening or thickening of tissue) resulting from the inhalation of dust (or mineral dust from non-fibrous materials)? | Pneumoconioses |
| An airless condition of the lungs due to a collapse caused by obstruction of a bronchus or bronchiole is called | Atelectasis |
| Lungs disease which damages aveoli | Emphysema |
| Inflation of the lungs with trapped air (or distention of air sacs of the lungs by gas or air beyond their normal size) is | Emphysema |
| Pus in the pleural cavity is called | Empyema |
| Collapse of the lungs is called | Pneumothorax |
| COPD stands for | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
| The most common type of lung cancer is | Adenocarcinoma |
| What is cystic fibrosis? | A hereditary disorder characterized by lung congestion & infection & malabsorption of nutrients |
| Cyanosis is a ________ discoloration of the skin. | Blue |
| Edema of the thoracic cavity is called | hydrothorax |
| Formation of cavities in an organ or tissue - frequently seen in lungs of people who have tuberculosis | Cavitation |
| Rhinitis is associated with the | Nasal passages |
| What is uremia? | Prescence of excess urea & other waste products due to kidney failure. |
| Degenerative inflammation of the glomeruli is called | glomerulonephritis |
| A suppurative inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis is called | pyeleonephritis |
| Inflammation of the kidney pelvis | pyelitis |
| Distension of the pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys with urine as a result of an obstruction is called | hydronephrosis |
| Kidney stones are called | renal calculi or renal calculus |
| Define ureteritis | Inflammation of the ureter due to blockage or infection |
| Inflammation of the urinary bladder | cystitis |
| Define urethritis | Inflammation of the urethra usually due to an infection |
| What are polycystic kidneys? | Inherited kidney disorder= enlarges & interferes w/ function because of multiple cysts on the kidneys. |
| Define oliguria | Production of a reduced quantity of urine |
| A total stoppage of urine production is called | Anuria |
| Pus in the urine is known as | Pyuria |
| Painful urination | Dysuria |
| List some postmortem condition associated with renal failure | Uremia, edema, odr of urine in tissues |
| What is glycosuria? | Prescence of glucose in the urine |
| Coryza affects what system of the body? | Respiratory |
| What causes anthracosis? | Carbon build up in the lungs by smoke & coal dust |
| Define meningitis | Inflammation of the meninges by bacterial, viral or fungal infection. |
| What is hydrocephalus? | Congenital Hydrocephalus = build up excess of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) w/in the brain that is present @ birth. |
| Acquired Hydrocephalus = Caused by conditions that develop after birth such as a hemorrhage | meningitis, head trauma tumors & cysts. |
| Inflammation of the brain is called | Encephalitis |
| Define myelitis | Swelling of the spinal cord that disrupts CNS functions linking brain & limbs. |
| Inflammation of the grey matter of the brain and spinal cord caused by a virus describes the condition known as | Meningitis |
| Define neuritis | Inflammation of nerves or series of nerves |
| What is epilepsy? | Brain disorder involving repeated seizures of any type. |
| Describe petit mal epilepsy | Brief episodes of staring, where the person experiencing them may have impaired responsiveness awareness. |
| 2 types of seizures | absence & complex |
| Describe grand mal epilepsy | Tonic-clonic seizure involving the entire body, which usually involve muscle rigidity, violent muscle contractions and los of conciousness. |
| A disease of warm blooded animals that can be transmitted to humans through bites and scratches ___________. Also known as ___________. | Saliva / Rabies |
| What is multiple sclerosis? | Autoimmune disease that affects the CNS as a from the damaged myelin sheeth. |
| A disease of brain degeneration that appears gradually and progresses slowly and is recognized by tremors: _________ Also known as _______________ | Shaking Palsy / Parkinson's Disease |
| The most common form of dementia; some familial tendency to develop it | Alzheimer's Disease |
| A central nervous system disease caused by a "slow virus" or a "prion" | Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease |
| A disease of nonprogressive brain damage manifested my motor retardation and sometimes also mental retardation | Cerebral Palsy |
| What is a CVA? What is it commonly known as? | Cerebrovascular Accident AKA Cerebrovascular Disease or Stroke |
| What is a TIA and what does the abbreviation stand for? | Transient Ischemic Attack: Caused by a temporary state of reduced blood flow by tiny blood clots in the brain. |
| A transient disorder of the nervous system resulting from a violent blow on the head is called a | Concussion |
| Define a brain contusion? | Bruises of the brain tissue considered a form of traumatic brain injury which can be caused by microhemorrhages. |
| Hemorrhage between the dura mater and the skull is called | Extradural Hemorrhage |
| What is a subdural hemorrhage? | Collection of blood on the surface of the brain caused by a traumatic injury, which is considered Acute, or by stretching of blood vessels in the brain in elderly persons where the blood collects is known as chronic. |
| The surface of the brain may be torn by a skull fracture | causing what type of hemorrhage?, Compound Fracture causing a Subdural hematoma |
| List some postmortem conditions associated with brain damage? | Rapid decomp of brain can distend eyeballs & cause brain purge |
| Identify the components of the respiratory system: | Nasal Cavity, Oral Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lung, Heart, Ribs, Diaphragm |
| What comprises the upper respiratory system? | Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx |
| What comprises the lower respiratory system? | Trachea, Primary Bronchi, Lungs |
| Two openings in the underside of the nose: | Nares |
| The intermediate portion of the pharynx is called | Oropharynx |
| Paired cone-shaped organs lying in the thoracic cavity | Lungs |
| What is the pleural membrane? | Parietal Pleura - Outer pleura is attached to the chest wall Visceral Pleura - Inner pleura is attached to the lining and other visceral tissues |
| Define respiration simply.... | Breathing / Oxygen passed though the larynx & the trachea and to the two bronchi. Then into the bronchial tubes, lungs and aveoli, capillaries, O2 & CO2 exchange & CO2 is released the same as one exhales. |
| Identify the components of the urinary system | Kidney, Ureter, Bladder, Spincter, Urethra, |
| After the kidneys filter blood & returns most of the water and solutes to the bloodstream, What remains | Urea, Ammonia, Bilirubin, Creatine, Uric Acid, Drugs, Enviromental Toxins |
| They are reddish and bean-shaped and lie just above the waist between the peritoneum and the posterior wall of the abdomen. What are they? | Kidneys |
| Kidneys are said to be in the _________ periotoneal cavity in location. | retro |
| The functional unit of the kidney: | Nephron |
| A tangled ball shaped capillary network within each nephron: | Glomerulus |
| What is a urinalysis? | Physical/chemical examination of the urine. |
| These transport the urine from the renal pelvis of the kidney to the urinary bladder: | Ureters |
| A hollow distensible muscular organ situated in the pelvic cavity posterior to the pubic symphysis: | Bladder |
| The branch of medical science that studies the nervous system: | Nuerology |
| The most complex or all body systems is the | Nervous system |
| From the base of the brain emerge 12 pairs of these: | Cranial Nerves |
| Define a nerve? | Bundle of fiber that conveys impulses between the brain & other parts of the body. |
| This connects to the brain through the foramen magnum of the skull? | Spinal Cord |
| There are 31 pairs of these each serving a specific region on the right or left side of the body: | Spinal Nerves |
| The nervous system is made up of the ________ _________ _______ and the ________ _________ _______. | Somatic nervous system / Autonomic nervous systems |
| What comprises the central nervous system? | Brain & Spinal Cord |
| The receiving portions of neurons are called? | Dendrites - They look like branches/spikes extending from the cell body. |
| What is a synapse? | Junction that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell. |
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