1.
4 standardized test for TBI: Western Neuro Sensory Stimulation Profile, Scale of Cognitive Ability for TBI, Brief Test of Head Injury, Ross Information Processing Assessment
2.
acceleration/deceleration injuries: brain moves while skull is stationary. Car accident, for example
3.
alternating attention: ability to shift focus between tasks that have different cognitive demands
4.
basilar skull fracture: a lot of force required- lethal
5.
Brief Test of Head Injury: Helm-Estabrooks, Holtz--Severly impaired during a short period of time
6.
Brief Test of Head Injury: Authors: Helm-Estabrooks, Holtz. Purpose: severely impaired, done quickly
7.
closed (nonpenetrating) head injury: skull may or may not be fractured and the meninges remains intact.
8.
coma: state of unconsciousness from which the person cannot be awoken. Initiates no voluntary activity and respond only minimally (if at all) to environmental stimuli.
9.
compound skull fracture: scalp cut, skull broken
10.
concussion: immediate and transient post traumatic impairment of neural function. May or may not involve the loss of consciousness. If it does, it's 30 seconds or less.
11.
concussion: Give an example of a mild brain injury
12.
contra-coup injuries: brain moves and bruises at a point opposite the site of impact. Caused by a large and fast moving object.
13.
contusion: bruising of the brain
14.
coup injuries: blow to head that results in brain moving and slamming against the point of impact, where it bruises.
15.
depressed skull fracture: broken piece of skull moves inward
16.
diffuse axonal injury: cutting and sheering of blood vessels and tracts contained within the brain as the result of shaking or rotation. Ex. shaken baby syndrome. (Skull moving around the brain, loose blood because of blood vessels, tearing of neurologic tracts-no communication between parts, tearing of axons-chemicals released into brain-toxic reactions.
17.
diffuse head injuries: damage to many parts of the brain with partial compromise to the axonal components
18.
divided attention: spontaneously respond to more than one stimuli at a time
19.
emotional lability: emotions that are uncontrolled and out of proportion to the context.
20.
epidural hematoma: artery exudes blood between the piamater and the skull which causes a free flow of blood and the brain is displaced inward.
21.
epilepsy and hydrocephalus: Give 2 examples of a secondary head injury
22.
executive functions: exercise control of cognition
23.
focal head injuries: injury is confined to a specific part. Symptoms are seen directly related to the area affected.
24.
Glasgow Comas Scale: assesses eye, motor and verbal responses and scores are added to form a composit number
25.
hematoma: blood clot in the brain
26.
hematoma, lacerations, diffuse axonal, contusions: Give 4 examples of a primary head injury
27.
laceration: brain is rotated within the skull and tears on the sharp edges of the inner surface.
28.
Name 5 factors that influence prognosis for recovery: 1) Duration of coma, 2) severity of coma, 3)Duration of post-traumatic amnesia, 4) Location and size of injury, 5)Other injuries and severity
29.
Name 5 reasons for assessing cognitive-communicative functioning: 1) Follow-up for maintenance 2) See if can return home 3) Establish presence/ absence of deficit and gather baseline info 4) Prediction for recovery 5) Determine if can transfer to rehab program
30.
Name 6 Differences Between TBI and Aphasia: 1) Linguistic problems not always present vs. present in aphasia. 2)Confused and disoriented vs. organized and not confused in aphasia. 3)Socially inappropriate vs. not so in aphasia. 4)inconsistent and irrevelent vs. not 5)Serious pragmatic problems vs. not 6)Serious attention problems vs. not.
31.
non acceleration head injuries: head and brain remain stable. Car lands on a mechanic's head, for example
32.
open (penetrating) head injury: skull is fractured or perforated and the meninges is torn or lacerated. The brain is susceptible to other injuries; material may come in and cause an infection.
33.
Open and Closed: What are 2 categories of head injuries?
34.
post traumatic amnesia: acute state of confusion or cognitive disruption following the injury during which the person cannot consistently and accurately recall day to day events.
35.
primary and secondary: What are 2 types of TBI?
36.
primary brain injury: injuries that are complete at the time of impact or moment of trauma
37.
Ranchos Los Amigos Scale: test that places a patient in one of eight categories based on the observed behaviors
38.
retrograde amnesia: loss of memory or confusion for and about events preceding the trauma.
39.
Ross Information Processing Assessment: Authors: Ross. Purpose: Comprehensive, including memory, problem solving.
40.
Ross Information Processing Assessment: Ross--comprehensive: memory, temporal orientation, spatial orientation, orientation to environment, recall of general information, problem solving and abstract reasoning, auditory processing and retention.
41.
Scale of Cognitive Ability for TBI: Authors: Adamovich and Henderson. Purpose: Low and high functioning individuals compared to non-impaired
42.
Scale of Cognitive Ability for TBI: Adamovich, Henderson--low and high functioning individual--compairs individual to nonimpaired individual
43.
secondary brain injury: damage occurs at time of impact but doesn't manifest itself until later.
44.
selective attention: the ablity to maintain focus in the presense of competing information
45.
sequelae: conditions or consequences following a disease or injury or illness (other conditions caused by a conditioned acute phase- conditions immediately following disease-recovery-residual or long term effects.)
46.
skull fracture: when the bony skull is broken
47.
subdural hematoma: caused when a vein exudes blood into an area between the duramater and arachnoid mater
48.
sustained attention: the ability to maintain consistent behavioral response during repetitive continuous activity
49.
Western Neuro Sensory Stimulation Profile: Ansell, Keenan--severly impaired individual that demonstrates a slow recovery
50.
Western Neuro Sensory Stimulation Profile: Authors: Ansell, Keenan, de la Rocha. Purpose: Severly impaired with slow recovery.
51.
What are the four types of attention: alternating attention, sustained attention, selective attention, divided attention
52.
What are the top 4 etiologies of TBI?: 1)Vehicular/ pedestrian accidents, 2)falls, 3)violence/assault 4)sports/recreational injury
53.
When does the recovery period begin?: Post traumatic amnesia clears, recall improves, retain information
54.
Why is the epidemiology of a TBI difficult to determine?: Inconsistency of definition, data collection problematic, differences in imaging techniques, differences in diagnostic procedures
