Test 4: Cleft Lip and Palate
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Created by:
Meganmichelle2 Plus on April 13, 2011
Subjects:
intro into communication disorders
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Palate | _______ - roof of your mouth Anterior 2/3 = hard palate Posterior 1/3 = soft palate (velum) Pharynx - back of throat |
| hard palate | Palate - roof of your mouth Anterior 2/3 = _____ _________ Posterior 1/3 = soft palate (velum) Pharynx - back of throat |
| soft palate | Palate - roof of your mouth Anterior 2/3 = hard palate Posterior 1/3 = ________ _______ (velum) Pharynx - back of throat |
| Pharynx | __________ - back of throat |
| Velopharyngeal Incompetence | Velum + muscles in pharynx = the velopharyngeal mechanism This can be closed so we can produce sounds without nasality - example /p/ _______________ _____________ (VPI) = velopharyngeal mechanism isn't capable of separating oral and nasal cavities during speech and swallowing activities |
| velopharyngeal mechanism | Velum + muscles in pharynx = the ______________ ________________ This can be closed so we can produce sounds without nasality - example /p/ |
| Cleft | _________ Abnormal opening in an anatomical structure Represents a failure of structures to fuse or merge early in embryonic development May involve an entire structure or just part of it |
| Challenges | Physical _____________ of Clefts Birth Feeding 1st year of life -Cleft lip will be surgically closed 2nd year of life -Cleft palates will be surgically closed Dentists begin reconstruction of abnormal dentition and dential occlusion |
| otitis media | Physical Challenges of Clefts Teenage through Adulthood Middle ear disease-__________ _______ Psychological issues Genetic counseling regarding the risk of having a baby with a cleft |
| Types of Clefts | Lip only Cleft of hard and soft palate Complete cleft on one side (unilateral) Complete cleft on both sides (bilateral) Submucous cleft (muscular cleft in the region of the soft palate, covered by thin mucousal layer) ***see slides for GREAT pics |
| Cleft Lip | condition that results from failure of the upper lip to join medially; can be unilateral or bilateral ***see slides for GREAT pics |
| Complete cleft palate | total separation of the two palatal shelves of the hard palate. ***see slides for GREAT pics |
| Etiologies | ___________ of Clefts Genetic Disorders Syndromes Pierre Robin Syndrome - micronathia (small jaw), clefts, heart problems, hearing loss Velocardiofacial Syndrome - cleft, underdeveloped cheekbones, flattened nose, heart problems, cognitive problems |
| Velocardiofacial Syndrome | Etiologies of Clefts _________________ __________ - cleft, underdeveloped cheekbones, flattened nose, heart problems, cognitive problems |
| Pierre Robin Syndrome | Etiologies of Clefts __________ _______ ________ - micronathia (small jaw), clefts, heart problems, hearing loss |
| Chromosomal Abberations | Etiologies of Clefts _____________ _____________ Humans have 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs Trisomy 13 results when there is a 3rd 13th chromosome It is rare, but when it occurs, it often results in a cleft (1 in 6,000 births) |
| Teratogens | Etiologies of Clefts Teratogenically induced disorders ___________ - agents that interfere with or interrupt normal development of a fetus and create congenital malformations. Drugs Alcohol Nicotine Caffeine Viruses |
| Amniotic rupture | Etiologies of Clefts Mechanically induced abnormalities _________ _________ (loss of amniotic fluid) Intrauterine crowding -Twins -Uterine tumor |
| 750 | Incidence of Clefts 1 of every ______ live births |
| lip | Incidence of Clefts Clefts of ____ with and without palate are more frequent than cleft palate alone |
| increasing | Incidence of Clefts Rate of occurrence may be ____________ |
| prenatal | Incidence of Clefts Improved _________ treatment of those w clefts results in more live births. Improved postnatal treatment for infants born with clefts makes it easier to deal with |
| 2:1 | Gender/Racial Difference in Clefts ______ males to females |
| males | Gender/Racial Difference in Clefts Also more severe in _______ |
| Cleft palate | Gender/Racial Difference in Clefts _________ ________ alone more frequent in females |
| Native Americans | Gender/Racial Difference in Clefts ___________ _________ - highest incidence rates, then Asian descent, Caucasians, and African descent |
| Cleft Palate Team | Audiologist Dentists/Orthodontists Nurses Doctors Oral Surgeon Otolaryngologist Parents SLP Pediatrician Plastic Surgeon Psychologist Psychiatrist Teacher Others |
| hearing disorders | Communication Problems associated with Clefts Higher incidence of ___________ _________ and middle ear disease |
| otitis media | Communication Problems associated with Clefts Middle ear disease where fluid accumulates in the ear is called _________ _________ (OM) |
| hearing loss | Communication Problems associated with Clefts OM can result in a mild to moderate ________ ______ during the time of speech and language development |
| Vocal Nodules | Communication Problems associated with Clefts Voice Disorders _________ _________ are common - hoarse, breathy voice due to abuse (compensatory behavior related to VPI) |
| Soft-voice syndrome | Communication Problems associated with Clefts ___________________ - child reduces intensity to prevent air from going through the nose |
| Voice Disorders | Treatment of __________ ___________ related to Clefts 3 phases: auditory discrimination - learns to differentiate his/her voice from voices of those who do not have problems Establish new voice - reduce tension, use of an acceptable voice pattern Habituating the new voice - using new voice in other settings, environments |
| auditory discrimination | Treatment of Voice Disorders related to Clefts __________ ___________ - learns to differentiate his/her voice from voices of those who do not have problems |
| Establish new voice | Treatment of Voice Disorders related to Clefts ________ ________ _______ - reduce tension, use of an acceptable voice pattern |
| Habituating the new voice | Treatment of Voice Disorders related to Clefts _____________ ___ ____ ______ - using new voice in other settings, environments |
| Hypernasality | Communication Problems associated with Clefts Resonance Disorders ______________ (too much nasality) |
| surgery | Communication Problems associated with Clefts Treatment - usually _________ or a prosthesis (device to help move the palate) |
| feels | Communication Problems associated with Clefts Some programs can be used by SLPs to teach the client how VP movement ________, sounds |
| individual problems | Communication Problems associated with Clefts Articulation Disorders Result from VPI, structural deviations, missing teeth, faulty learning, etc. May have difficulty building up air for consonants such as /k, t, p/ Treatment Similar to that used for non-cleft individuals Must target _________ __________ |
| Language | Communication Problems associated with Clefts ___________ Disorders Due to delayed speech, hearing loss, effects of syndrome, etc. - need more research Treatment Similar to what is used with all language disordered children |
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