Lab Topics 24 & 25
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70 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 osmoregulation | ___ is the control of tissue water balance , and the elimination of excess salts and urea, a waste product of the metabolism of amino acids. |
| renal, renal | Blood enters the kidney through the ___ artery and exits through the ___ vein. |
| parietal peritoneum | The ____ lines the abdominal cavity. |
| glomerulus | Bowman's capsule, a cup-shaped swelling at the end of the nephron, surrounds the ball of capillaries, the ____. |
| renal cortex | proximal and distal convoluted tubules and associated blood vessels lie in the ____. |
| nephron | A ____ consists of Bowman's capsule, a proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, a distal convoluted tubule, and a collecting duct. |
| cuboidal epithelial | ____ ____ cells line most regions of the nephron. |
| umbilical arteries | In the fetal pig, the urinary bladder is located between the two ___ |
| allantoic stalk | The urinary bladder narrows into the small ____ |
| urethra | The ____ exits the urinary bladder near the attachment of the ureters. |
| vaginal vestibule | the urethra joins the vagina, forming a chamber called the ____. |
| epididymis | sperm pass from the testes into the ____, where they mature and are stored. It originates at the cranial end of the testis. |
| ductus deferens | When ejaculation takes place, sperm passes from the epididymis through the ____. |
| preputial orifice | The urogenital opening is the ___. |
| inguinal canal | the ____ leads to the scrotum. |
| testis | The ____ is a bean shaped gonad. |
| bulbourethral glands | The two large ____ lie on either side of the urethra anterior to its junction with the penis. |
| seminal vesicles | The ___ are a pair of glands that lie on the dorsal surface of the urethra near the junction of the ductus deferens and the urethra. |
| prostate gland | The ___ lies between the lobes of the seminal vesicles. |
| ovaries | The ___ are caudal to the kidneys in the abdominal cavity. |
| uterine tube | A small convoluted tube, the ____, can be observed at the border of the ovary. |
| dorsal | The body of the uterus lies __ to the urethra. |
| neuron | The ___ is the functional cell of the nervous tissue |
| cell body, dendrites, axon | The three parts of a neuron are: ___, ___, and ___. |
| dendrites | ____ are extensions from the cell body that transmit nervous impulses toward the cell body. |
| axon | The ___ is an extension that transmits nervous impulses away from the cell body to the next neuron or sometimes to a muscle fiber. |
| glial cells | ____ are nonconducting cells that support and protect neurons. |
| dorsal, ventral | the two roots found in the spinal cord are the ___ and the ___. These roots are collections of processes of neurons in spinal nerves. |
| central canal | The small channel in the center of the spinal cord is the ___. |
| outside | In the spinal cord, white matter lies ___ of the gray butterfly shaped matter. |
| dorsal root ganglion | cell bodies of sensory neurons lie in the _____. |
| interneurons | ___ lie between sensory and motor neurons. |
| cornea | The ___ is a tough, transparent layer that allows light to enter the eye. |
| optic nerve | Sensory neurons exit the retina as fiber of the ___. |
| fibrous tunic | the ___ is the outer layer of the eyeball. |
| sclera | The ___ is the posterior portion of the fibrous tunic. |
| lens | a hard, oval shaped structure in the eye. |
| ciliary body | The ___ is a dark, ridged, muscular structure surrounding and attached to the lens by thin ligaments. |
| vascular tunic | the ciliary body is a component of the second tunic of the eye, the darkly pigmented ____. |
| iris | The ___ surrounds the pupil. |
| pupil | The ____ allows light to pass through the vascular tunic to the lens. The iris is a sphincter muscle |
| retina | The delicate ___ is the third tunic of the eye. It contains millions of microscopic rods and cones. |
| choroid layer | The ___ absorbs extraneous light rays passing through the retina. |
| tapetum lucidum | the ___ is a tissue found in the choroid of some animals that enhances vision in limited light. |
| differentiation | ___ occurs when cells, tissues, and organs become specialized for a particular function. |
| morphogenesis | ____ is the development of the animal's shape, body form, and organization. |
| morphology | ___ is form. It is used to describe the process of development. |
| zebrafish | ____ have become important subjects for developmental studies. |
| gametogenesis | ____ is the production of gametes |
| gastrulation | ___ is the formation of three primary germ layers--ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. |
| neurulation | ____ is the formation of the nervous system in chordates |
| organogenesis | ___ is the development of organs from the three primary germ layers. |
| blastomeres | The cells of the blastula are called ____. |
| blastula | The zygote is converted to a multicellular ball or disc called the ___. |
| blastocoel | The ___, a cavity, forms within the ball of cells. |
| isolecithal | eggs with small amounts of evenly distributed yolk are called ___ eggs. |
| telolecithal | eggs with large amounts of york concentrated at one end are called ____ eggs. |
| centrolecithal, alecithal | eggs may also be classified as ____, with the yolk in the center of the egg. OR ___ with no significant yolk reserves. |
| blastodisc | THe nuclear-cytoplasmic region is the ____. It is displaced toward the pole of the egg where the polar bodies budded from the cell in meiosis. |
| animal pole | ___ is the pole where polar bodies budded from the cell in meiosis. The blastodisc is displaced here. |
| vegetal pole | The ____ is the opposite of the animal pole |
| holoblastic | In ___ cleavage, cell divisions pass through the entire fertilized egg. |
| meroblastic | In ___ cleavage, only the active cytoplasm is divided during cleavage. |
| blastoderm | In meroblastic cleavage, a cap of cells called the ___ is produced. |
| involution | surface cells migrate into the interior of the embryo in a process called ____. |
| archenteron, endoderm | The involuted cells form a new internal cavity, the ___, lined by the ____, the embryonic germ layer that ultimately forms the digestive tract. |
| blastopore | In deuterostomes, this becomes the anus. |
| ectoderm | The cells that remain on the surface of the embryo become the ____. |
| neural plate | In chordates, certain ectodermal cells flatten into an elongated ____ extending from the dorsal edge of the blastopore to the anterior end of the embryo. |
| cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis | Name the four steps in embryonic development. |
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