5 Written Questions

1. no RBC on urine sediment and urine supernatant and plasma will be red ... in general affected animals will have low hematocrit
2. Struvite crystals
3. None
4. Pneumonia
   Chronic rhinitis
   Cutaneous lesions
   Guttoral pouch disease
5. requires penetration of bladder through the body wall and can be accompanied by minimal bleeding
   best way to analyze upper urinary tract for infection
   most sterile - minimal contamination, minimal trauma

5 Matching Questions

1. Symptoms of Cocidiomycosis:
2. Calcium carbonate crystals common in normal urine of ...
3. Subjective evaluations of Urinalysis:
4. Trichophyton mentagrophytes
5. Midstream (free catch, voided)

1. a macroconidia elongated with 4-6 divisions, grape-like microconidia, many hyphae are spiral
2. b Pulmonary disease - coughing
   Weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea - slowly eats away GI tract
   Draining wounds - non-healing
   Osteomyelitis
   Meningitis
3. c easiest for animal, can be difficult to get
   collection can contain contaminants from urethra
   inadequate in assessment of upper urinary tract infection
   increased WBC
4. d horses, goats, guinea pigs, rabbits
5. e color and turbidity

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Scraping of scale, taken from leading edge of rash after skin cleaned with 70% alcohol
   Hair which pulled from root
   Brushings from area of scaly scalp
   Nail clippings
   Skin Biopsy
   Swab from pustules in case secondary bacterial infection
   1. Specimens for Fungal microscopy and culture:
   2. Methods for Microscopic Examination
   3. 2 ways to take a Fungal culture:
   4. Fungal culture
2. solid selective, differential medium
   contains phenol red as a pH indicator, medium is yellow prior to inoculation and will turn from yellow to red when positive in 3-5 days
   1. Azotemia
   2. Mycosis
   3. Mycology
   4. DTM:
3. caused by Histoplasma capsulatum
   found in humid environment with high nitrogen level in soil in midwest and southern US
   associated with bird and bat droppings
   infection caused by inhalation of spores
   diagnose by serology, fungal cultures, and cytology
   1. Dermatomycosis
   2. Cystocentesis
   3. Histoplasmosis:
   4. Blastomycosis:
4. tubular disease with lipid deposits, casts, renal disease to diabetes
   1. Lipid Casts found in ...
   2. Cellular (Epithelial) Casts found in ...
   3. Leukocyte Casts found in ...
   4. Mycoses Groups
5. Chronic nasal discharge, sneezing and rhinitis
   1. Most common type of crystal in horses and cattle
   2. Symptoms of Cryptococcus:
   3. Complete urinalysis includes:
   4. Symptoms of Aspergillus in dogs and cats:

5 True/False Questions

1. False Positive Glucose Reactions: → Aged urine samples - conjugated bilirubin hydrolyzes to unconjugated bilirubin if left at room temp
   Exposure to UV light - UV light converts bilirubin to biliverdin
   Ascorbic Acid - high concentrations of Vitamin C inhibit the strip reaction

   True        False

2. Mycology → functional unit of the kidney

   True        False

3. Casts in Urine Sediment → in low numbers not indicative of renal disease
   in greater numbers may be seen in association with proteinuria

   True        False

4. Causes of ketonuria: → unregulated diabetes mellitus (ketoacidosis)
   pregnancy toxemia in sheep
   starvation or malnutrition, especially in immature animals

   True        False

5. Mold reproduction → selective
   active transport

   True        False