29: World War II
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KC12308 Plus on April 14, 2011
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AP European History - Olstad
D.C.Everest Senior High
Kagan Chapter 29
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62 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Washington Conference | disarmament conference, 5 Power Treaty, number of battleships based on tonnage |
| London Conference | disarmament conference, limited other parts of the Navy besides battle ships |
| Geneva Conference | disarmament conference, worked out limitations of land armaments, no final agreement made |
| Manchurian Crisis | -Japan, led by emperor Tojo, expands into Korea and moves in on Manchuria -China files complaint with League of Nations, League agrees that Japan was violating China's soverignty, Japan withdrew from the League -Japanese captured Manchuria and renamed it Manchuko, became an integral part of Japan, Japan went on to conquer the Pacific Rim |
| Dollfuss | -leader of Christian Socialists in Austria, elimated other political parties, assassinated in attempted Nazi coup -tried to keep Austrian autonomy |
| Kurt Schuschnigg | -Austrian prime minister, refused to be intimidated by Hitler, held plebiscite, forstalled by Hitler |
| Anschluss | -first attempted Austrian coup, Mussolini moved his army to the Austrian boarder -Hitler sends his army into Austria, Mussolini doesn't object, Germany and Austria united |
| German Rearnament | -Hitler's military conscription exceeds limits for standing army set by Versailles Treaty, Luftwaffe created -League of Nations condemns actions but takes no action to prevent them, Britain allowes Germany to have a navy less than 35% the size of the British navy |
| Ethiopia | -Ethopians defeated Italians at their first invasion attempts in 1890, Mussolini claimes he attacked Ethiopia eor this reason -Ethiopia turns to League of Nations, League condemns Italy for its actions and places embargos, did not place an embargo on oil -Mussolini conqueres Ethiopia by the end of 1936 |
| Rhineland | Hitler moves to remilitarize Rhineland, French forces allow it to happen because intervention would further isolate Great Britain as an ally |
| Spanish Civil War | -Spain controlled by Burbon monarchy under Alfonzo VIII, supported by conservative political groups in Spain -Polular front - radical party, took control over legislative branch in election, attacked right conservatives -Fascist nationalists led by Franco lead opposition to Polular Front, retalliation against attackers -Germany supported Fascists, moved in with Luftwaffe, Russia supported conservatives |
| Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis | Anti-Comintern Pact - between Germany and Japan, two countries had most to fear from Russian expansion, both politically opposed to Soviet union, joined by Italy |
| Sudentenland | -territory within Czechoslovakia, had German majority of citizens, Nazis used propaganda to influence them -Nazis call for self determination in Sudentenland, Czechs refuse |
| Chamberlain | prime minister of Great Britain, used policy of appeasment with Germany to avoid war |
| Berchtesgaden | -Chamberlain and Hitler meet, Hitler clearly willing to go to war for Czechoslovakia -Britain asks France to break alliance with Czechoslovakia - Czechs forced to give up Sudentenland |
| Munich Conference | -Hitler, Mussolini, Chamberlain, Laudet (France) -Hitler threatened to go to war if he Germany didn't recieve Czechoslovakia, Czechs didn't want to, British and French followed appeasment -confirmation of Czechoslovakia under Germany -Great Britain and France promise that they will intervene if Hitlar moves against Poland |
| Danzig | Hitler moves against Poland, makes deal with Soviet Union |
| German Soviet Nonagression Pact | -Germany and Soviet Union promise to remain neutral if the other entered a war -secret deal - Germans would move on western Poland, Soviets move on eastern Poland, destruction of Poland |
| Blitzkrieg | "lightning warfare", employed fast-moving, massed armored columns supported by airpower |
| Order of German Invasion | Czechoslovakia, Poland, Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands, France |
| Winston Churchill | prime minister of Great Britain during WWII, early critic of Hitler, the Nazis, and appeasment, established close relationship with American president FDR |
| Luftwaffe | German air forces |
| Royal Air Force (RAF) | British air forces |
| Battle for Britain | -British began naval blockade of Germany -Luftwaffe attacked southern British airfields, switched targets to London, bombed every night for two months, extensive damage, 15,000 killed -united British against the Germans -RAF inflicted heavy losses on Luftewaffe, Spitfire and Hurricane fighter planes, newly developed radar system |
| Lebensraum | "living space", Hitler wanted to defeat Russia and conwuer Ukraine to expand Germany's boarders |
| Operation Barbarossa | code name for German invasion of Russia, delayed due to Mussolini -Italy invades Greece from Albania, British assist Greeks, Germans had to come in and bail Italians out, Mussolini also attackedBritish in Egypt -Operation launched June 22, 1941, Germany reached Leningrad by November, Hitler diverted part of his forces south to drive towards oil feilds -winter devastated German troops, Russian counterattack |
| Pearl Harbor | Japanese attack of American naval base in Hawaii, America declared war on Japan, Germany and Italy declared war on America, America entered war on two fronts |
| Operation Torch | -Allied forces under Eisenhower pushed East from French North Africa, British under Montgomery drove west, crushed German forces between them -took Sicily July and August, Mussolini driven from power, Germans occupied Italy |
| Battle of Stalingrad | -Hitler determined to take city, Stalin determined to hold it -battle waged for months, Russians had very high casualties but prevailed in end -turning point of Russian campaign, able to gain and keep offensive, pushed west |
| D-Day | -June 6, 1944 - American, British, and Canadian troops landed in force in Normandy, opened second front -Eisenhower commander of Allied armyampibeous assult vulnerable |
| Battle of the Bulge | Germany's last offense, counterattack in Belgium, pushed Allied line but didn't break it |
| Capture of Berlin | Russians advanced foreward in East, Allies insisted unconditional surrender, Hitler committed suicide in a bunker, Russians occupied Berlin by agreement with Allies |
| Viche Government | -government of France during German occupation, led by Petain, "cooperation for freedom" with Germany, puppet state -no military economy -Catholic Church given power over marriage and divorce, control over education, subsidized bigger families -France anti-semetic before occupation, removed Jews from professions -French navy decomissioned |
| Free French | led by Charles de Gaulle, French resistance during German occupation, based in London, worked with allies when planning d-day invasion |
| Goebbles | Minister of Propaganda in Germany, used videos of Germany invading other countries to inspire Germans and make them fearful of Allied occupation, disguised German losses |
| German Economy | -no military economy before attack on Russia, expected Blitzkrieg to be quick and effective -war with Russia created food an labor shortages, took food from conquered territories, allowed women in the workforce, brought Slavs from other nations to work |
| WWII Russia | -lost the most in factories and transportation, 16 million people killed -everything controlled centrally from federal government -radios taken away, government distrusful of its people, wanted to isoate information, information broadcasted through loudspeakers -made amends with Orthodox church, hoped to gain conservative support -Kremlin - built in Moscow, government office buildings |
| British Economy | -total war economy, all political parties cooperated under coalition government -propaganda - BBC -massive recycling programs -increased production, near zero unemployment, more disposable income, raised taxes, few commercial goods, increased in price -encouraged davings -sent children into countryside during German bombings, health conditions improved -food scarce for civilians, transportation for war goods, maximum farm production |
| Atlantic Charter | Churchill and FDR start formulating plan for allied victory, based on Wilsonian principles |
| Tehran Conference | -Stalin, FDR, Churchill -big 3 meet for first time, Soviet Union wants political boarders against western invasion, satelite states, Stalin asks for Allies to open European front |
| Yalta Conference | -Big 3, Soviet Union wants protectionism, FDR and Churchill support Wilsonian principles, FDR mediator, FDR and Churchill ask for free elections in eastern states -Soviet Union wants Germany to be dismembered, Chruchill against this, FDR mediator again, demilitarization of Germany |
| Postdam Conference | -Soviets don't allow for free elections in eastern Europe, -Truman now U.S. president, Attlee new prime minister of Great Britain -found lack of free elections unacceptable -agreement to divide Germany into four occupational zones under U.S., Great Britain, France, and Soviet Union -Stalin promises to cooperate with U.S. in Pacific |
| Stalin | -after WWII - continues centralization of party -Soviets created nuclear technology, denied it to China -Iron Curtain - communist republics of Eastern Europe, Stalin sees it as securing Soviet boarders |
| Truman Doctrine | U.S. government sends money to Turkey and Greece to fight off communist coups, supports democracies, Truman promises U.S. help in preventing communism |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | -members of United Nations - Great Britain, U.S., France, Chia, and Soviet Union -largely powerless, Stalin sees NATO as subversion of UN |
| Berlin Blockade | -Berlin lies within east Germany, west Germany unified -Stalin blockaded west Berlin, Americans use air lift to get supplies to west Berlin, lasts for one year |
| Khrushchev | -starts process of de-Stalinization, goal to create kinder communist state, continues brutality over Eastern Europe |
| Hungarian Revolution of 1956 | -led by Nagi - soviet leader who wanted to institute democratic principles inside Hungary, Allies do not assist attempt -Red Army puts down revolt, leaers of revolt publically executed |
| Berlin Wall | -Red Army first creates human wall around east Berlin, no Allied retaliation -Soviet Union begins building walls - 12 feet high, watch towers, attack dogs -5000 people cross wall, only 100 die |
| Cuban Missel Crisis | Sovirt Union builds nuclear installation inside Cuba, U.S. saw this as threat, Soviets pulled missels back with threat of war |
| Breshnev | -draws harder line for communism, Stalin communism without purges -foreign policy over eastern block remains the same -Prague - Czechoslovakia, moves towards democratic reform, Warsaw Pact armies move into Prague, leaders of revolt executed -East GErmany used for resources, reunification hurt German economy -he had similar points of view with Nixon, foreign policy based on strength -Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan |
| Detante | loosening of tensions, both U.S. and Soviet Union nuclear powers and should address each other as such -Nixon recognizes communist China |
| SALT I | Strategic Armaments Limitations Treaty, between U.S. and Soviet Union, limited number of intercontinental missels |
| Breshnev Doctrine | stated that Soviet Union would intervene where communism is threatened |
| Gorbachev | -given permission by Soviet party to make very small changes to Soviet Union to help economy -Glasnost, Perestroika -moved to dismantle Red ARmy, announces to eastern block nations that they will recieve no support from the Soviet Union and that they can chose their own government -Democratization - allows for political parties other than communists, communist canidates unseated at local level, new parliamentary government -August coup failed, Soviet Union transitioned to democracy |
| Glasnost | policy of openness, allowed freedom of speech in reguards to government in Soviet Union to find problems within the system |
| Perestroika | economic changes, inspired by Lenin's NEP, some capitalist reform |
| August Coup | Politburo seizes Gorbachev, sends Red Army into Moscow, citizens rise up in protest, Politburo orders Red Army to fire upon demonstrators, army refuses, Gorbachev returns to office |
| Yelsin | -forst president of Russia -shock therapy - quick translation from communism to capitalist economy and democracy, factors not in place, weak economy |
| Putin | -second president of Russia, suspended elections |
| Walesa | -Polish dock worker, formed union called solidarity, alowed for short time by Soviet Union -became political partym supported by pope, worked towards Polish independance, elected first president -didn't have power or skills, military group takes over |
| Milosevic | ethnic Serb in Yugoslavia, preformed 'ethnic clensing', wanted to exterminate Muslims inside Serbia, arrested -Yugoslavia divided into seven new states based on nationalities |
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