18.3 and 19.2 History
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Olivialala on April 14, 2011
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74 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 French Speaking Africans and West Indians | native group involved with the Negritude Movement |
| belgian Congo | African colony least prepared for independence |
| ethnic conflict weak economies authoritarian rule | 3 causes of political instability in Africa |
| Negritude Movement | a movement to celebrate African culture, heritage, and values |
| cost morality | 2 reasons why countries with colonies in Africa that helped African colonies to gain their freedom |
| indirect rule | local officials did most of the governing and colonists enjoyed limited self rule. easier transition to independence |
| direct rule | foreigners governed all levels and no self rule existed. independence was more difficult |
| artificial borders | Europeans created these and they had little to do where ethnic groups actually lived. Separated people with similar cultures and enclosed traditional enemies who began fighting after Europeans left |
| Ghana | British colony of the Gold Coast |
| Legislative Council | British prepared Ghana for independence by letting more Africans to be nominated for this |
| Kwame Nkrumah | leader of a largely nonviolent movement in Ghana and worked to liberate with organized strikes and boycotts and was imprisoned by the British government |
| Kwame Nkrumah | Ghana's first Prime minister and later president for life. he pushed through new schools, and expanded health facilities. spent too much on these things and wanted to unite all of Africa and the police took power when he was in China |
| Ghana | shifted back and forth from civilian and military rule and they struggle for economic stability |
| Ghana | had their first open elections in 2000 |
| Kenya | British ruled colony |
| British settlers | resisted Kenyan independence because they and farmland in the northern highlands of the country |
| leadership of Kenyatta Mau Mau | 2 developments that the British settlers in Kenya had to deal with during African Self-rule |
| Jomo Kenyatta | kenyan nationalist who claimed to have no connection with the Mau Mau but didnt condemn the organization and was imprisoned for a decade. He later became president and worked to untie ethnic and linguistic groups |
| mau Mau | secret society made up of mainly native Kenyan farmers forced out of the highlands by the british. |
| Guerilla tactics | what the Mau mau used to push white farmers into leaving the highlands |
| Moi | Kenyatta's successor who had one party rule. he had corruption in his government and ethnic conflicts that broke out leaving hundreds dead and thousands dead and when he left they got free elections |
| France | country that governed algeria as a colony` |
| FLN | Algerian National liberation Front who fought for independence against France |
| Ahmed Ben Bella | leader of the FLN who became the first president of ALgeria. he tried to make it socialist but he was overthrown by his army commander |
| Algeria | country where it was unsuccessfully modernized and industrialized and it came to the rise of Islamic fundamentalists |
| Islamic Salvation Front | FIS chief Islamic Party in ALgeria that won local and parliamentary elections but the army refused to let it happen so civil war broke off |
| Algeria | country where civil war still continues today |
| Congo | most exploited european colony |
| Congon | belgian colony |
| rubber and copper | 2 resources of the belgian congo |
| Belgium | country that ruled with a harsh hand and provided the colony with no social services and made no attempt to prepare its people for independence |
| Mobutu Sese Seko | army officer of the Congo that renamed it Zaire and he maintained control with a combination of force, one party rule and gifts to supporters. he withstood rebellions but was finally overthrown by a rebel leader after civil war |
| Laurent Kabila | rebel leader who overthrew Mobutu and renamed the country Democratic republic of COngo he promised democracy and free elections he was assasinated when his promises werent kept |
| Joseph Kabila | father was assasinated so he took power in the Congo and was on a quest for peace in the middle of a civil war and a cease fire was called |
| angola | Portugal's colony |
| cost (half of national budget) and opposition | reason why Portugal had to pull out of fighting in angola in order to keep their rule |
| Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola | MPLA communist group that declared itself angola's new government |
| Cuba and Soviets | supporters of MPLA in Angola |
| National Union for the total independence of Angola | UNITA opposing group of MPLA |
| South Africa and US | supporters of UNITA in Angola |
| Angola | country where in 2002 they signed a ceasefire and now the ended civil war and are on a peace accord |
| ethnic and cultural conflicts | new borders that divide peoples of the same background and put rival groups caused this |
| unbalanced economies and a small middle Class | a result from the Europeans demanding staple crops by creating plantations and mines and few factories |
| displaced families | did this to work in mines and plantations |
| Nigeria | former British Colony that won its independence peacefully in 1960 |
| Nigeria | Africa's most populous country and one of its richest but ethnically divided |
| Hausa Fulani Yoruba Igbo | 3 major ethnic groups in Nigeria |
| Hausa Fulani | Northern Muslim African tribe in Nigeria |
| Yoruba and Igbo | 2 of nigeria's ethnic groups that lived in the south and were mostly Christians Muslims or animists |
| Yoruba | a farming people with a tradition of kings that live to the west in Nigeria |
| Igbo | a farming people who have democratic tradition who live to the east in Nigeria |
| federal system | power is shared between state governments and central authority. for the Nigerians they set up three states |
| martial law | temporary military rule |
| Biafara | the new nation that broke out of Nigeria when the three major ethnic groups started killing each other. it was made up of the survivors who fled east |
| unite the country | the reason why the Nigerian government went to war and it happened except over a million igbo were killed mostly from starvation |
| military | what governed Nigeria in the 1970s and during that times Nigerian leaders tried to make amore stable federal system and based their economy off of oil |
| civilian | the type of rule that lead to democracy in 1979 in Nigeria but he military soon took it over being dominated by the Hausa Fulani |
| Abiola | popular leader of the elections in Nigeria in 1993 but was later declared invalid |
| Abacha | dictator that took over in Nigeria who jailed dissidents |
| Abubkar | Abacha's successor who ended military rule |
| Obasanjo | Nigeria's first civilian president. he worked for a string unified Nigeria and turned to President Bush for financial aid |
| racial conflict | result of colonial rule in SOuth Africa |
| Afrikaner | Dutch South African Nationalism that instituted apartheid |
| apartheid | the policy of complete segregation of races. They set up and unbalanced segregations |
| homelands | reserves for SOuth Africa's black groups. They only got 13% of the land and made up 75% of the population |
| African national Conference | ANC formed by the blacks of South Africa to fight for their rights and they organized strikes and boycotts to protest racist policies. |
| Nelson Mandela | ANC leader |
| Soweto | riots broke out and 600 students died and the police beat Biko to death who was the leader. they declared a national state of emergency |
| Desmond Tutu | South African bishop who led an economic campaign against apartheid and asked foreign nations to not do business with South Africa and eventually won the Nobel Peace Prize |
| F.W. Klerk | South Africa's new president who wanted to end South africa's isolation he legalized the ANC and released Mandella from prison. He stopped apartheid. He held South Africa's first universal election where all races voted |
| Inkatha Freedom Party | rival to ANC threatened to disrupt elections in SOuth Africa |
| Mandela | succeeded Klerk |
| Constitution | passed this is south africa in 1996 with equal rights for all citizens and a Bill of rights |
| Mbeki | president of south Africa in 1999 promoted a free market economic policy to repair south Africa;s infrastructure and to encourage foreign invvestors. He dealt with the issues of IDs and crime and poverty |
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