| Term | Definition |
|---|
| bronchopneumonia | patchy consolidation (exudative solidification) of one or multiple lobes of lung; caused by most bacteria |
| lobar pneumonia | involves entire lobe; 90-95% caused by strep pneumo |
| gastric acid | aspiration of this leads to hypoxia, resp. failure, infxn; onset: 2 hrs; high mortality |
| hyper or hypotonic fluids | aspiration of this leads to hypoxia, electrolyte disturbance, infxn; immediate onset; high mortality |
| isotonic fluids | aspiration of this leads to hypoxia, infxn; immediate onset; low mortality |
| particulate matter | aspiration of this leads to apnea, chronic inflammation, infxn; immediate onset; mortality high if large |
| oropharyngeal secretions | aspiration of this has variable manifestations; onset: <24 hrs; variable mortality |
| lying on back | aspiration pneumonia located in apical segment of right lower lobe |
| lying on side | aspiration pneumonia located in posterior regions of upper lobe |
| chronic | aspiration pneumonia located in both lower lobes |
| exogenous lipoid pneumonia | occurs when oily substance is aspirated and phagocytosed by macros --> foamy |
| endogenous lipoid pneumonia | caused by bronchial obstruction (e.g. tumor); foamy macrophages |
| lung abscess | localized suppurative process caused by MIXED infxns, often ANAEROBIC organisms; often from aspiration, preexisting infxn, neoplasm, septic embolism; foul sputum |
| RSV | most common in children <1y.o.; see multinucleated giant cells w/ eosinophilic CYTOPLASMIC inclusions |
| influenza A | most common viral pneumonia in HEALTHY people; may have bacterial superinfxn |
| hemagglutinin | antibodies to this prevent future influenza A infection; mediates viral ENTRY into host cell |
| neuraminidase | antibodies to this ameliorate future influenza A infection; important in RELEASING virus from host cells |
| adenovirus | in MILITARY RECRUITS; see SMUDGE cells w/ halos |
| herpes simplex virus | see GROUND GLASS nuclei; eosinophilic intraNUCLEAR inclusions w/ halos; multinucleated giant cells |
| ulcerative tracheobronchitis | usually caused by aspirated oral secretions containing HSV type I; in seriously ill patients |
| hemorrhagic parenchymal nodules | develop in profoundly immunocompromised patients with HSV viremia |
| varicella zoster virus | causes pneumonia in adults, esp. w/ PREGNANCY (high mortality); looks like HSV histologically |
| cytomegalovirus | almost exclusively in IMMUNOCOMPROMISED pts and NEONATES; see enlarged cells/nuclei; intranuclear AND cytoplasmic inclusions |
| mycoplasma pneumonia | COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED pneumonia; very mild; detect w/ cold agglutinins |
| pneumocystis carinii | ubiquitous, opportunistic fungus; affects AIDS, malnourished kids, immunosuppressed; often 1st thing seen in HIV+ pts; CD4+<200; chest x-ray shows perihilar shadows; eosinophilic exudate with HONEYCOMB appearance |
Combine with other sets
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