Chapter 20 (heart sounds)

English	Photos
What causes heart sounds?	*Caused by the closing of valves and the collision of blood against them when they do
What causes AV valves to open?	When atrial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure Opening and closing of valves is passive
What causes AV valves to close?	When ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure Opening and closing of valves is passive
What causes semilunar valves to open?	*When ventricular pressure exceeds pulmonary trunk and aortic pressure
What causes semilunar valves to close?	*When pulmonary trunk and aortic pressure exceed ventricular pressure
What is the notation for the first heart sound?	S₁
What is the notation for the second heart sound?	S₂
What causes the first heart sound?	"lub" Closing of the AV valves (tricuspid and bicuspid) ***LONGEST and LOUDEST SOUND
WHat causes the second heart sound?	"dub" Closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves
Where can the sound of the tricuspid valve be most clearly heard?	Fifth intercostal space On right side very near midline
Where can the sound of the bicuspid valve be most clearly heard?	Fifth intercostal space Left side close to the nipple line
Where can the sound of the pulmonary valve be most clearly heard?	Second intercostal space Left side slightly away from midline
Where can the sound of the aortic valve be most clearly heard?	Second intercostal space Right side slightly away from midline
What type of blood flow is involved in a heart murmur?	Turbulent blood flow
What is stenosis?	Narrowing a valve Creates resistance to blood flow Heard when blood flows through a valve A "swoosh" sound is heard just prior to the heart sounds
What sound is heard with an AV stenosis?	AV Stenosis prior to S₁sounds like "swoosh-lub"
What sound is heard with a Semilunar stenosis?	Semilunar stenosis prior to S₂sounds like "swoosh-dub"
What is valve insufficiency?	aka Valve Regurgitation Improper closing of valves Causes a backflow of blood through valves Heard when valves are closed *A "swoosh" sound is heard during and after heart sounds
What is heard during AV insufficiency?	AV insufficiency during S₁sounds like "swoosh-lub"
What is heard during Semilunar insufficiency?	Semilunar insufficiency during S₂sounds like "dub-swoosh"
What is the most commonly heard murmur?	Bicuspid valve insufficiency
What is a septal defect?	"Hole in the heart" Causes blood flow to be turbulent