Animal Science Test 2
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Created by:
brandispice on April 16, 2011
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90 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Dairy Estrus | 21 days |
| Sheep Estrus | 17 days |
| Horses Estrus | 22 days |
| Swine Estrus | 20 days |
| Goats Estrus | 21 days |
| Rabbits Estrus | 17 days |
| Cats Estrus | 18 days |
| Dogs Estrus | 6 months |
| Heterzygous: | two different types of alleles |
| Homozygous: | two similar alleles |
| Dominant Gene: | trait overpowers others |
| Recessive Gene: | accompanied with another recessive gene to express trait |
| Incomplete Dominance: | both traits express themselves |
| Genes: | a small segment on a chromosome containing a genetic code for a trait |
| Alleles: | genes occupying corresponding loci on the chromosome. They may affect the same hereditary trait in different ways. |
| Random Mating: | all males have an equal opportunity to mate with all females |
| Outcrossing: | mating purebreds with unrelated purebreds |
| Inbreeding: | mating related animals |
| Crossbreeding: | mating animals of same species but different breeds |
| Primordial: | least mature follicle on female ovary |
| Corpus Luteum: | Granulosa cells, forms yellow body, secretes progesterone |
| Corpus Hemorrhagicum: | Blood clot forms upon rupture of the follicle |
| Corpus Albican: | regression of the CL, forms a small white scar |
| Yellow Body: | another term for corpus luteum |
| Infunibulum: | funnel like structure (connects to ovary) |
| Cremaster muscle: | muscle raises and lowers the testes. |
| Scrotum: | protects the testicles and maintains testicles at lower temperature (3 - 7° F lower in bulls and 9 - 13° F lower in rams) |
| Epididymis | storage of sperm - sperm stored in tail of epididymis until ejaculation. |
| Cowpers gland, also known as | bulburethal. |
| cowpers gland | provides the gel-like portion of semen usually toward the end of the ejaculation. Largest in boar's. Gel is spermicidal. |
| Sigmoid flexure: | s-shaped muscle that bends to extend penis |
| Vas deferens: | passage way for sperm from epididymis to the urethra |
| Prostate gland: (accessory) | contributes inorganic ions: sodium, chlorine, calcium, magnesium |
| Seminiferous tubules: | Coiled and twisting around the testi, Approximately three miles of tubule, Site of spermatogenesis or sperm production |
| EPD stands for what | expected progeny difference |
| Expected Progeny Difference examples | repro performance, weaning weight, post weaning weight growth, feed efficiency, carcass merit, longevity |
| Qualitative | Influenced by genes at 1 or few loci, yes or no type traits (polled vs horned, red vs black, tall vs short, etc). Expression not influenced by the environment |
| Quantitative: | Influenced by genes at many (100s) of loci. Traits measured continuously (weaning weight, post weaning weight, racing times, and other performance traits etc). Environment affect quan traits more than genotypes do. |
| describe concept of a polled animal | Naturally have no horns. Some were dominant horned but bred to become polled |
| Gestation period for Cattle/Dairy | 280 days (9 months plus 10 days) or 40 week |
| Gestation Period for Sheep: | 145 days or 4.7 months or 21ish weeks |
| Gestation Period for Horse | 335 days or 11 months or 47ish weeks |
| Gestation Period for Goats | 149 or 4.7 months or 21ish weeks |
| Gestation Period for Swine | 3 months 3 weeks 3 days or 114 days |
| Gestation Period for Dogs and cats | 58-70 days |
| Top breeds for cattle | Black Angus, Hereford, Limousin, Charolais |
| Cattle top states for Cow-Calf Operation | TX, MO, OK, NE, SD. |
| Cattle top states for Finishing Operation | TX, NE, KS, CO, IA |
| Dairy Top breeds | Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss |
| Jersey's attributes? | 2nd popular, 2nd in lbs milk per cow in US |
| Brown Swiss' attributes? | 3rd most numerous breed in US, highest % fat/protein |
| Top States for Dairy | CA, WI, NY, ID, PA, MN |
| Top Dog breeds | Labs, Yorkshire Terriers, German Shepherd, Golden retrievers, Beagles |
| Top Cat breeds | Abyssinians for shorthaired, Persians most long haired numerous registrations |
| Cattle Body Scoring | Scale of 1-9. 1 = thin and 9 = fat. 5 is ideal |
| Dairy Body Scoring | Dairy: low 3, high 2 after calving. Should be in low 4 for dry period. 1 = fat and 5 = skinny. 3 is average. |
| Cattle Industry Costs: | Feed costs average 50-70% of total cow costs. Labor is 15-20% |
| Dairy Industry Costs: | Feed is #1 production cost with 60-75+% |
| Clinical mastits: | small white clots appear and milk will become waterier and udder is swollen , red hot and painful to touch, blood from infected areas as it progresses more clots and milk is watery |
| Subclinical mastitis | can't see, need to test with CMT |
| Terminal mastitis | If there is gel formation the animal is no longer used and culled |
| process of pasturization: | heating of milk to 161 degrees F. for 15 seconds to kill pathogenic bacteria |
| process of ultrapasturization: | heating of milk to 280 degrees for 2 seconds to sterilize milk |
| process of homogenization | breaking apart of milk fat globules into small particles that remain in suspension |
| dairy lactation period: | 305 days |
| dairy dry period | 50-60 days dry |
| Genetics takes a________ time to correct? | Long |
| Feed is ______ to correct | Fastest |
| Animals are the result of ____, ____, and _____ (genetic material) | Feed, Health and Inheritance |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): | One type of carbohydrate is the sugar structure. Deoxyribose sugar makes up part of DNA. Nitrogen and Phosphorus are also components of DNA. The DNA molecule looks like a spirally twisted ladder. Contains hydrogen bonds to pair bases. A with T, G with C. |
| Chromosomes: | Coiled genes make up chromosomes. Chromosomes are strands of protein-like material. They are found in every cell. |
| chromosomes are found where? | nucleus |
| genes | A small segment on a chromosome containing a genetic code for a trait. Chromosomes contain sections called genes. Genes are made of DNA |
| traits | Traits dependent on genes. Traits can be showed or hidden, depending on recessive or dominant or incomplete dominance. Sex-linked traits are only shown according to sex (i.e. colorblindness is great in males than females because females need two recessive genes to show trait). |
| give example of Ingestive: | grazing patterns |
| give example of Maladaptive: | cannibalism, homosexuality |
| give example of Sexual: | mating, heat, touch, sound (mating calls), winking |
| give example of Agnostic: | set pecking order, interacting (pos or neg) with humans |
| give example of Communication: | bull bellowing, mothers calling for babies, snorting, nickering, whistling,e tc |
| give example of Honing or orientation: | The ability or desire to seek their pen or orient themselves toward home |
| give example of Shelter Seeking: | Cattle & horses turn their butts to storm, Bison face it. |
| List 7 AKC groups: | Sporting, Nonsporting, working, herding, hounds, terriers, toys. |
| 2 categories of cats | short haired and long haired |
| ___ of dogs reside in urban areas | 90% |
| ____ of dog and cat owners are female | 75% |
| ____ of households in the U.S. have a pet | 67% |
| Top countries for pets | US, China, Brazil and Russia |
| Trends in pet industry is _____ ? | increasing |
| zoonotic defintion | an animal disease that can be transmitted to humans. |
| zoonotic examples | Lyme, rabies, parasites, ringworm |
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