AP Bio Chapter 45
About this set
Created by:
mollythedancer on April 17, 2011
Description:
these are crap topics to mix together on a test.
Classes:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 endocrine system | -all of the hormone secreting cells -organs which secrete hormones |
| hormones | chemical signals secreted into bodily fluids (usually blood) which convey regulatory messages |
| target cells | certain cells equipped to respond to a particular hormone |
| neurosecretory cells | specialized nerve cells in endocrine tissue that secrete hormones |
| local regulators | affect only target cells that are near them |
| nitric oxide (NO) | -highly reactive, potentially toxic -secreted by neurons, acts as neurotransmitter -secreted by endothelium in blood vessels, relaxes smooth muscle, dilate blood vessel -secreted by WBCs, destroys cancer cells and bacteria -local regulator |
| growth factors | -peptides and proteins -must be present in extracellular environment for many cell types to grow, divide and develop normally |
| prostiglandins (PGs) | -modified fatty acids (usually from plasma membrane) -secreted by placenta to make uterine muscles more excitable -induce fever, inflammation, pain -2 are antagonistic: dilate vessels in lungs/constrict vessels in lungs |
| MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone) | -from anterior pituitary gland -makes melanosomes (organelles containing pigment) disperse from their normal location and make the cell have a darker appearance |
| tropic hormones | their target cells are other endocrine glands (coordination function) |
| hypothalamus | contains 2 sets of neurosecretory cells whose secretions are stored in or regulate the activity of the pituitary gland |
| oxytocin | -produced by hypothalamus stored in posterior pituitary gland -stimulates contraction of muscles of uterus, stimulates mammary glands |
| ADH (antidiuretic hormone) | -produced by hypothalamus stored in posterior pituitary gland -promotes retention of water by kidneys |
| GH (growth hormone) | -anterior pituitary gland -stimulates growth and stimulates release of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) from liver -too much in young causes gigantism -too much in adults causes acromegaly -too little causes pituitary dwarfism |
| acromegaly | abnormal bone growth in head hands and feet |
| PRL (prolactin) | -anterior pituitary gland -stimulates milk production and secretion |
| FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) | -anterior pituitary gland -a gonadotropin which stimulates production of ova and sperm |
| LH (luteinizing hormone) | -anterior pituitary gland -a gonadotropin that stimulates ovaries and testes |
| TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) | -anterior pituitary gland -stimulate thyroid gland |
| ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) | -anterior pituitary gland -stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids |
| endorphins | -anterior pituitary gland -inhibit perception of pain |
| melatonin | -pineal gland -involved in biorhythms (secreted at night) -light can mess this up |
| T3 and T4 thyroxine (triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine) | -thyroid -metabolism regulators -cretinism |
| cretinism | deficiency of T3 and T4 can cause retardation of mental and physical development |
| calcitonin | -thyroid -lowers blood calcium level |
| PTH (parathyroid hormone) | -parathyroid -raises blood calcium level |
| islets of langerhans | endocrine cells alpha and beta |
| alpha cells | secrete glucagon |
| beta cells | secrete insulin |
| insulin | -pancreas -lowers blood glucose (sugar goes into cells) |
| glucagon | -pancreas -raises blood glucose (takes sugar from cells) |
| type I diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes) | autoimmune disorder in which immune system attacks cells of pancreas |
| type II diabetes mellitus (non-insulin-dependent-diabetes) | usually caused by reduced responsiveness of target cells to insulin (can often be controlled by only diet and exercise) |
| glucocorticoids | -adrenal cortex -raise blood glucose -long term stress response -suppressed immune system |
| mineralocorticoids | -adrenal cortex -long term stress response -promote reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+ -retain water, increase blood pressure |
| epinephrine (adrenalin) | -adrenal medulla -short term stress response -raise blood glucose, increase metabolism, constrict certain blood vessels (creating greater alertness and decreasing digestive and kidneys) (fight or flight response) (increased breathing, increased blood pressure) |
| norepinephrine (noradrenalin) | -adrenal medulla -short term stress response -opposite of adrenalin |
| androgens | -ex. testosterone -support sperm formation, male secondary sex characteristics |
| estrogens | stimulate uterine lining growth, female secondary sex characteristics |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.