Chapter 20 Skin Diseases and Disorders
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51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 acne | Skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammatin of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and Propionibacteriem acnes (P. acnes) bacteria. |
| albinism | Congenital leukoderma or absence of melanin pigment of the body, including the hair, skin, and eyes. |
| anhidrosis | Deficiency in perspiration, often a result of fever or certain skin diseases. |
| asteatosis | Condition of dry, scaly skin due to a deficiency or absence of sebum that is caused by old age and by exposure to cold. |
| basal cell carcinoma | Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules. |
| bromhidrosis | Foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits or on the feet. |
| bulla (plural: bullae) | Large blister containing a watery fluid; similar to a vesicle but larger. |
| chloasma | Condition characterized by increased pigmentation on the skin in spots that are not elevated. |
| comedo (plural: comedones) | Hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum. When the sebum of the comedone is exposed to the environment, it oxidized and turns black (blackheads). When the follicle is closed and not exposed to the environment, comedones are a white or cream color (whiteheads). |
| crust | Dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while it is healing; an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material. |
| cyst | Closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, semifluid, or morbid matter, above or below the skin. |
| dermatitis | Inflammatory condition of the skin. |
| dermatitis venenata | Also known as contact dermatitis. An eruptive skin infection caused by contact with irritating substances such as chemicals or tints. |
| eczema | Inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin, acute or chronic in nature, presenting many forms of dry or moist lesions. |
| excoriation | Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping. |
| fissure | Crack in the skin that penetrates the epidermis, such as chapped hands or lips. |
| herpes simplex | Fever blister or cold sore; recurring viral infection. |
| hyperhidrosis | Excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness. |
| hypertrophy | Abnormal growth of the skin. |
| keloid | Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue. |
| keratoma | Acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis commonly known as callus, caused by pressure or friction on the hands and feet. |
| lentigines (singular: lentigo) | Technical term for freckles. Small yellow-to-brown-colored spots on skin exposed to sunlight and air. |
| lesion | Mark on the skin. May indicate an injury or damage that changes the structure of tissues or organs. |
| leukoderma | Skin disorder characterized by light abnormal patches; caused by a burn or congenital disease that destroys the pigment-producing cells. |
| macule (plural: maculae) | Spot or discoloration on the skin, such as a freckle. |
| malignant melanoma | Most serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged or raised. |
| milia | Benign, keratin-filled cysts that can appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening. |
| miliaria rubra | Acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin. |
| mole | Small, brownish spot or blemish on the skin, ranging in color from pale tan nto brown or bluish black. |
| nevus | Small or large malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries; commonly known as birthmark. |
| papule | Pimple; small circumscribed elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus. |
| psoriasis | Skin disease characterized by red patches, covered with silver-white scales usually found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back, but rarely on the face. |
| pastule | Inflamed pimple containing pus. |
| rosacea | Chronic congestion appearing primarily on the cheeks and nose, characterized by redness, dilation of the blood vessels, and formation of papules and pustules. |
| scale | Any thin plate of epidermal flakes, dry or oily, such as abnormal or excessive dandruff. |
| scar or cicatrix | Light-colored, slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed. |
| seborrheic dermatitis | Skin condition caused by an inflammation of the sebaceous glands. Often characterized by inflammation, dry or oily scaling, or crusting andor itchiness. |
| sensitization | A greatly increased or exaggerated sensitivity to products. |
| skin tag | A small brown or flesh-colored outgrowth of the skin. |
| squamous cell carcinoma | Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red papules and nodules. |
| stain | Abnormal brown or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular and irregular shape. |
| steatoma | Sebaceous cyst or fatty tumor. |
| tan | Change in pigmentation of skin caused by exposure to the sun or ultraviolet rays. |
| telangiectasias | Dilation of the surface blood vessels. |
| tubercle | Abnormal rounded, solid lump above, within, or under the skin; larger than a papule. |
| tumor | A swelling; an abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive multiplicaqtion of cells, varying in size, shape, and color. |
| ulcer | Open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth. |
| veruca | Technical term for wart; hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis. |
| vesicle | Small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis. |
| vitiligo | Milky-white spots (leukoderma) of the skin. Vitiligo is hereditary and may be related to thyroid conditions. |
| wheal | Itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours; caused by a blow, the bite of an insect, urticaria, or the sting of a nettle. |
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