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anti-anxiety drugs medications that relieve tension, apprehension, and nervousness antidepressant drugs medications that gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of a depression antipsychotic drugs medications used to gradually reduce psychotic symptoms, including hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions aversion therapy a behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response behavior therapies application of the principles of learning to direct efforts to change clients' maladaptive behaviors biomedical therapies physiological interventions intended to reduce symtoms associated with psychological disorders client-centered therapies an insight therapy that emphasizes providing a supportive emotional climate for clients who play a major role in determining the place and direction of their therapy clinical psychologists psychologists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders cognitive-behavioral treatments a varied combination of verbal interventions and behavioral modification techniques used to help clients change maladaptive patterns of thinking cognitive therapy an insight therapy that emphasizes recognizing and changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs counseling psychologists psychologists who specialize in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems deinstitutionalized transferring the treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care dream analysis a psychoanalytic technique in which the therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the clients' dreams eclecticism in psychotherapy, drawing ideas from two or more systems of therapy instead of committing to just one system group therapy the simultaneous treatment of several clients in a group insight therapies psychotherapy methods characterized by verbal interactions intended to enhance clients' self-knowledge and thus promote healthful changes in personality and behavior mood stabilizers drugs used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorders Sigmund Freud developed a systematic treatment procedure, which he called psychoanaylsis Carl Rogers the developer of client-centered therapy Aaron Beck noted for his work in the development of cognitive therapy Joseph Wolpe the developer of systematic desensitization Dorothea Dix one of the early reformers who helped to establish state-funded mental hospitals