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Team 2 or more people who work INTERDEPENDENTLY over a time period to accomplish COMMON GOALS related to some TASK-ORIENTED PURPOSE 5 Types of work teams •Work team •Management team •Parallel team •Project team •Action team Work team •Produces goods/services •Long term •High member involvement •Production, maintenance, sales team Management team •Integrates activities across biz functions •Long term •Moderate member involvement •Top management team Parallel team •Provides recommendations/resolves issues •Duration varies •Low member involvement •Advisory council, committee Project team •Produces a 1-time output •Duration varies •Member involvement varies •Product design, research group Action team •Performs complex tasks in highly challenging circumstances •Duration varies •Member involvement varies •Surgical team, music group, sports 2 Ways teams develop •Predictable sequence •Punctuated equilibrium 5 Steps of the predictable sequence of team development 1. Forming 2. Storming 3. Norming 4. Performing 5. Adjorning Punctuated equilibrium A sequence where not much gets done in the team until halfway thru the project, after which the team makes necessary changes to get done on time 3 Types of Team Interdependence •Task interdependence •Goal interdependence •Outcome interdependence Task interdependence Team member interact and rely on each other to accomplish work 4 types of task interdependence •Pooled •Sequential •Reciprocal •Comprehensive Pooled task interdependence Assignments are done independently and then put together Sequential task interdependence work is specialized and done in certain order Reciprocal task interdependence Back and forth communication/input necessary to do each step of work Comprehensive Needs highest level of interaction, complex knowledge and problem solving Goal interdependence Team has a shared vision of their goal and align their individual goals to it Outcome interdependence How members are linked to the outcome of the project; share the rewards Important characteristics of a team •Member roles •Member ability •Member personality •Diversity •Team size Role A pattern of behavior a person is expected to display in a given context Leader-staff team Leader makes decisions, the rest follow 3 Categories of Member roles •Team task roles (energizer, orienter) •Team building roles (encourager, compromiser) •Individual roles (aggressor, slacker) Disjunctive tasks Tasks where only one member needs to have the mental or physical ability for the team to succeed (trivia tournament) Conjunctive tasks Teams performance depends on on the performance of the weakest member (pit stop crew) Additive tasks Every member's efforts add up (girl scout cookies) Value in Diversity Problem- Solving Approach Perspective that diversity in teams is beneficial becuz it makes a larger pool of knowledge What types of teams benefit most from diversity Teams that do creative and complex work Similarity-Attraction Approach Belief that people group together with people like themselves and avoid to dissimilar people, leading to poor performance Surface-level diversity Observable diversity, race, sex, age Deep-level diversity Differences that are observable after more direct experience; attitudes, values For what types of teams is having a big team beneficial? For which team is it not beneficial? Having a big team is good for management and project teams, not good for teams with productions tasks becuz extra people is unnecessary Team viability The likelihood that the team can work together in the future Hybrid outcome interdependence Members receive rewards that are dependent on both group and individual performance What effect does task interdependence have on team performance? On team commitment? Moderately positive effect on team performance, weak relationship on team commitment