The Tissue Level of Organization
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120 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cells and Matrix | What are the two components of connective tissue? |
| Fibroblasts | This type of cell is capable of making all 3 types of fibers. |
| Structural | Fibroblasts are _____ cells |
| Fibroblasts | The most common type of cells found within connective tissue are _____ |
| Proteins | Fibroblasts secrete _____ into the surrounding intercellular matrix. |
| Fat Storage | Adipocytes are specialized for _____ |
| Adipocytes | This structural cell is filled with a droplet of triglycerides. |
| Star Soap Bubble | Fibroblasts are _____ shaped while adipocytes are _____ shaped. |
| Secretion (manufacture) and Maintenance of Cartilage Matrix | Condroblasts and chondrocytes are responsible for what two tasks? |
| Cartilage | Chondroblasts and Chondrocytes are found only in _____. |
| Bone Matrix | Osteoblasts and Osteocytes are responsible for the secretion and maintenance of _____. |
| Osteoblasts and Osteocytes | Structural cell(s) found only in bony tissue are known as _____ |
| Defensive | Cells responsible for keeping the body healthy and safe |
| Macrophages and Microphages | Defensive cells responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign and damaged cells are known as _____ |
| Microphages and Macrophages | The defensive cells that are also known as scavenger cells are called_____. |
| Release substances important to defense against foreign cells and particles. | What is the function of the mast cells? |
| Plasma Cells | Modified white blood cells involved in immune response and the clotting of blood are called _____ |
| Ground Substance | What determines the texture of a connective tissue? |
| Ground substance and fibers | Matrix is composed of what two substances? |
| Collagenous Fibers | Composed of protein collagen |
| True | True or False: Collagenous fibers are large in diameter. |
| True | True or False: Collagenous fibers are flexible but resistant to stretch. |
| Elastic | Name the type of fiber capable of stretch and recoil. |
| Protein | Elastic fibers are composed of _____ elastin. |
| True | True or False: Elastic fibers can expand up to 50% more than their original length? |
| False | True or False: Reticular fibers are large in diameter. |
| Reticular | The type of fiber that resembles a mesh or spiderweb. |
| Connective Tissue Proper | The most common type of connective tissue is |
| Loose Connective Tissue | The most common type of connective tissue proper is |
| Areolar | Loose connective tissue is also known as _____ |
| Fibroblasts, adipocytes and mast cells | List the three types of cells found in loose connective tissue |
| True | True or False: adipose tissue is a modification of loose connective tissue. |
| Protection, cushion and insulation | List the 3 functions of adipose tissue. |
| Adipose | The heart and kidneys are both organs that are encased in a layer of _____ tissue. |
| Reticular | Connective tissue composed of fine reticular fibers arranged in a three dimensional network. |
| Maple Syrup | The texture of connective tissue proper resembles what substance? |
| True | True or False: in both dense connective tissue and elastic tissue, fibers that are regular are parallel and not well vascularized while irregular fibers are not parallel and well vascularized. |
| Dense Connective | Tendons and ligaments are made up of _______ tissue. |
| False | True or False: in supportive connective tissue, the ground substance is thick and viscous. |
| Cartilage and Bone | _____ and _____ are both supporting connective tissues. |
| Hyaline | This type of cartilage has a high concentration of small diameter fibers. |
| True | True or False: Hyaline cartilage is very prevalent throughout the body. |
| False | True or False: Developmental bone substrate and the costal cartilage are both types of fibrocartilage. |
| Elastic Cartilage | Cartilage that contains a high concentration of elastic fibers. |
| False | True or False: one example of elastic cartilage is the ear lobe |
| True | True or False: elastic cartilage if found in the larynx and upper outer ear. |
| Fibrocartilage | Cartilage containing a network of large collagenous fibers imbedded in a less rigid ground substance. |
| Fibrocartilage | The cartilage commonly known as a shock absorber in the body |
| Miniscus, Intervertebral discs and symphysis joints | List 3 places where fibrocartilage is found. |
| True | True or False: fibrocartilage is compressable and stretchable |
| Bone | Rigid connective tissue with a mineralized matrix |
| Fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage, hyaline cartilage and bone | List in order from least rigid to most rigid the 4 different types of cartilage. |
| It contains no fibers | What is unique about blood in comparison to the other connective tissues? |
| Epithelium | Type of tissue found widespread throughout the body, covering most body surfaces, inside and out. |
| True | True or False: the epithelium always has a free surface the underside of which is anchored to the basement membrane |
| False | True or False: epithelial tissues are well vascularized |
| Basement Membrane | Epithelial tissues are usually nourished from a blood supply in the underlying connective tissue via transport through the _____ |
| True | True or False: epithelial tissue is subject to a lot of damage but is capable of replacement by cell mitosis. |
| Epithelial | Tissue in which cells are usually tightly packed with little intercellular material. |
| Absorption, secretion and protection | List 3 functions of epithelial tissue |
| False | True or False: epithelial tissue is mildly innervated. |
| Simple Squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar and transitional. | List the 8 types of membranous epithelium. |
| Simple Squamous | Membranous epithelium that presents as a single layer of thin flattened cells. |
| Simple cuboidal | Membranous epithelium that presents as a single layer of cube-shaped cells |
| Simple columnar | Membranous epithelium that presents as a single layer of elongated cells |
| Pseudostratified columnar epithelium | Membranous epithelium that presents as a single layer of columnar epithelium in which the cell nucleus is located at any level within the cell. |
| Stratified Squamous Epithelium | Membranous epithelium that presents as multiple layers of epithelial cells. |
| Stratified cuboidal epithelium | Membranous epithelium that presents as two to three layers of cuboidal epithelial cells |
| Stratified columnar epithelium | Membranous epithelium that presents as several layers of cells with columnar cells at the free surface and cuboidal cells at the basement membrane. |
| Transitional Epithelium | Membranous epithelium that presents as several layers of cuboidal cells |
| Simple Squamous | Membranous epithelium found where substances need to move easily across a membrane. |
| Simple Cuboidal | Membranous epithelium found lining small ducts/tubules that may have excretory, secretory or absorptive functions. |
| Simple Columnar | Membranous epithelium found in the linings of uterine tubes ,various organs of the digestive tract, and collecting ducts of the kidneys. |
| Pseudostratified columnar epithelium | Membranous epithelium found in linings of upper respiratory system, in larger ducts of many large glands and lining some tubes of the male reproductive tract. |
| Stratified Squamous | Membranous epithelium that makes up the epidermis of the skin, lines oral cavity, throat, esophagus, vagina and anal cavity. |
| Stratified cuboidal | Membranous epithelium found in linings of larger glandular ducts. |
| Stratified columnar epithelium | Membranous epithelium found in parts of the pharynx and parts of the male urethra and vas deferens. |
| Transitional epithelium | Membranous epithelium found in inner lining of urinary bladder, and parts of ureters and urethra adjacent to the bladder. |
| Simple Squamous | This type of membranous epithelium can be found in the air sacs of the lungs, walls of the capillaries, bowman's capsule of the kidneys, and surface membrane layer lining internal body cavities. |
| Simple cuboidal | This type of membranous epithelium can be found on the surface of the ovaries, lining smaller salivary gland ducts and sweat gland ducts and pin portions of kidney tubules. |
| Simple Columnar | This type of membranous epithelium can be found in the stomach, intestines and gall bladder. |
| Pseudostratified columnar epithelium | This type of membranous epithelium may possess cilia and mucus-secreting goblet cells which facilitate transport of material from one place to another. |
| Stratified Squamous Epithelium | This type of membranous epithelium is the most prevelant |
| Stratified cuboidal | This type of membranous epithelium can be found in sweat glands, salivary glands and the pancreas |
| Stratified Columnar | This type of membranous epithelium is the most rare. |
| Transitional Epithelium | This type of membranous epithelium is highly modified. |
| True | True or False: simple columnar epithelium may be equipped with microvilli, goblet cells, and or cilia. |
| True | True or False: pseudostratified columnar epithelium may possess cilia and goblet cells. |
| Keratinized / non keratinized | The epidermis of the skin is _____ while the oral cavity, throat, esophagus, vagina and anal canals are _____ |
| False | True or False: Stratified cuboidal epithelium are common. |
| D | Which of the following epithelium are mostly protective in function: a. stratified squamous b. stratified cuboidal c. stratified columnar d. all of the above. |
| Glandular Epithelium | composed of cells specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or body fluids. |
| Columnar / cuboidal | Glandular epithelium is usually located within _____ or _____ epithelium. |
| Secrete fluid directly into tissue and are highly vascularized | List 2 characteristics of the endocrine glands. |
| True | True or False: endocrine glands are ductless |
| False | True or False: hormones are secreted by the exocrine glands |
| Exocrine Glands | Secrete products into ducts that open onto internal or external surfaces. |
| True | True or False: the secretions from exocrine glands are produced by cells lining the globular portion. |
| False | True or False: all exocrine glands are unicellular. |
| True | True or False: the majority of exocrine glands are multicellular |
| Goblet Cells | Give an example of a unicellular exocrine gland. |
| Duct Shape and Secretory structure shape (tubular or alveolar) | List the two types of shapes for multicellular exocrine glands. |
| Pancreas | Which organ is known as a dual organ (having both endocrine and exocrine glands) |
| True | True or False: the duct in an exocrine gland physically connects secretory glands to where they should go. |
| Shape of the secretory and/or duct portion and the type of secretion produced | List two characteristics used to classify an exocrine gland. |
| Merocrine, apocrine and holocrine | List the 3 types of exocrine gland secretions |
| Merocrine | Exocrine secretion that releases fluid cellular products through cell membranes without loss of cytoplasm. |
| d. | An example of a merocrine secretion would be: a. salivary glands b. mucous membranes and mucus fluid c. serous membranes and serous fluid d. all of the above |
| Apocrine | Exocrine secretion that loses small portions of cell bodies during secretions. |
| True | True or False: in a aprocrine secretion, cell fragments break off, jettison into the lumen and break down to form the secretion. |
| False (apocrine) | True or False: the mammary glands are an example of a holocrine secretion. |
| Holocrine | Exocrine secretion that releases contents of entire cells filled with secretory products. |
| a. | The sebaceous glands of the skin are an example of: a. Holocrine b. Apocrine c. Merocrine d. Lumocrine |
| Connective Tissue | The most abundant type of tissue in the body by weight. |
| d. | Connective tissue is: a. highly vascularized b. capable of mitosis c. found on the body surface d. a&b |
| True | True or False: Connective tissue is characterized by widely spaced cells with intercellular matrix. |
| False | True or False: Connective tissue is found on free surfaces of body cavities and the body surface. |
| True | True or False: connective tissue is generally highly vascularized because the widely spaced cells imbedded w/in a matrix allow for blood to wend its way through the tissue. |
| Fibers and Ground Substance | Connective tissue is composed of _____ and _____ |
| False | True or False: connective tissue does not vary much in consistency. |
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