Review - Famous Psychologist Practice
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80 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Mary Ainsworth | studied attachment in infants using the "strange situation" model. Label infants "secure", "insecure" (etc.) in attachment |
| Solomon Asch | conducted famous conformity experiment that required subjects to match lines. |
| Albert Bandura | researcher famous for work in observational or social learning including the famous Bobo doll experiment |
| Alfred Binet | created first intelligence test for Parisian school children - created concept of mental age |
| Noam Chomsky | Believed humans have an inborn or "native" propensity to develop language. (Native = Nature). |
| Hermann Ebbinghaus | First person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well; studied forgetting curve and overlearning |
| Erik Erikson | Neofreudian whose theory of personality is a series of crisis pairs across the lifespan. psychosocial development theory |
| Sigmund Freud | Focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis |
| Carol Gilligan | feminist critique of Kolhberg's moral development theory; believed women's moral sense guided by relationships |
| William James | founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology |
| Lawrence Kohlberg | famous for theory of moral development in children; made use of moral dilemmas in assessment |
| Elizabeth Loftus | research on memory construction and the misinformation effect created doubts about the accuracy of eye-witness testimony |
| Abraham Maslow | humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization" |
| Stanley Milgram | Conducted "shocking" (Ha!) experiments on obedience |
| Ivan Pavlov | described process of classical conditioning after famous experiments with dogs |
| Jean Piaget | known for his theory of cognitive development in children |
| Stanley Schachter | 2 factor emotion theory-physiological happens first, cognitive appraisal must be made in order to experience emotion. |
| B.F. Skinner | pioneer of operant conditioning - believed everything we do is determined by our past history of reinforcements and punishments. |
| Edward Thorndike | Discovered concepts in intstrumental learning such as the law of effect. Known for work with cats in puzzle boxes. |
| John Watson | early behaviorist; famous for the "Little Albert" experiments on fear conditioning |
| Benjamin Lee Whorf | Concept of "liguistic determinism" or how language impacts thought |
| William Wundt | father of psychology, first psychology research lab in Leipzig, Germany; research on workings of senses; applied scientific method to psychology; used Introspection |
| Philip Zimbardo | social psychology; proved peoples behavior depends to a large extent on the roles they are asked to play |
| Hans Selye | Researched recurring response to stress - general adaptation syndrome |
| Karen Horney | neo-Freudian, psychodynamic; criticized Freud, stated personality is molded by current fears and impulses, rather than being determined solely by childhood experiences and instincts, neurotic trends; concept of "basic anxiety" |
| Carl Jung | neo-Freudian, adopted ideas such as ego and superego from Freud, but disagreed on his theory of unconscious, and proposed collective unconscious that contains collective archetypes or representations; inherited from previous generations and contains universally shared ancestral experiences and ideas |
| Martin Seligman | Studied learned helplessness; now focuses on positive psychology and learned optimism |
| Alfred Adler | Neo-Freudian; introduced concept of "inferiority complex" and stressed the importance of birth order |
| Albert Ellis | Cognitive psychologist - developed "rational emotive behavior therapy" (REBT) |
| Aaron Beck | Cognitive therapy; how cognition's cause or maintain depression; developed a well known depression inventory |
| Gordon Allport | trait theory of personality; 3 levels of traits: cardinal, central, and secondary |
| Phineas Gage | his survival of a horrible industrial accident taught us about the role of the frontal lobes |
| Elizabeth Kubler-Ross | developed 5 stage theory of grief |
| Stanley Milgram | obedience study |
| Carl Rogers | unconditional positive regard |
| Carl Rogers | person centered therapy |
| Albert Ellis | REBT |
| Albert Bandura | reciprocal determinism |
| E.C. Toleman | cognitive maps |
| E.C. Toleman | latent learning |
| Lewis Terman | longitudinal study of gifted kids |
| Lewis Terman | creation of Stanford Binet intelligence scale |
| Lev Vygotsky | social cultural development |
| Lev Vygotsky | scaffolding and the zone of proximal development |
| Sir Francis Galton | founder of psychometrics |
| Erik Erikson | first stage is trust v mistrust - infants must learn to be able to count on caregivers |
| Erik Erikson | psychosocial stages |
| Jean Piaget | sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational |
| Lawrence Kohlberg | preconventional, conventional, postconventional |
| Konrad Lorenz | imprinting and critical periods for attachment in some animals |
| Wilhelm Wundt | used Introspection to study structures of conscious experience |
| James - Lange | influential theory of emotion - physiological experience then emotion |
| William James | streams of consciousness |
| Abraham Maslow | self actualization |
| Abraham Maslow | pyramid of needs |
| Alfred Adler | striving for superiority and will to power |
| Karen Horney | children experience basic anxiety - love is key to forming a healthy personality |
| Jean Piaget | schemas develop via assimilation and accomodation to advance learning |
| Hermann Ebbinghaus | the forgetting curve |
| B.F. Skinner | studied the effects of schedules or reinforcement (variable ratio, variable interval, etc.) on animals |
| Cannon Bard | theory of emotion that the body changes and understanding of the emotion occurs simultaneously from ques in the thalamus |
| Young Helmholtz | other name for the Trichromatic Theory - All colors are created from a combo of red, blue, and green |
| Albert Bandura | observational learning |
| Albert Bandura | modeling |
| Noam Chomsky | language acquisition device |
| Paul Ekman | facial expressions for emotions are universal across cultures |
| David Rosenhan | study to test effects of labeling and accurateness of diagnosis - fake patients in a mental hospital |
| Noam Chomsky | nature (nativist) explanation of language acquistion |
| John Watson | classically conditioned "Little Albert" to be afraid of white furry creatures |
| Mary Cover Jones | used behavior techniques to remove fear of rabbits in the subject "Little Peter" |
| Enrst Weber | Found a law (named after him) Formula for JND - minimum change needed to create JND is in constant proportion of original stimulus. |
| Paul Broca | discovered area in the brain (named for him) in the left frontal lobe responsible for language production |
| Edward Throndike | law of effect and law of exercise |
| Carl Wernicke | discovered area in left temporal lobe (named for him) involved in language comprehension - understanding speech and creating meaningful sentences |
| Wechler | developed IQ test with both performance and verbal sections |
| Charles Spearman | g factor and s factor intelligence |
| Hermann Ebbinghaus | overlearning |
| Alfred Binet | wrote first IQ test - used for French school children |
| Philip Zimbardo | effect of roles on behavior |
| Erik Erikson | believed individuals experience a series of psychosocial crisis's throughout life |
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