| Term | Definition |
|---|
| protestant | those who challeneged or protested against way of roman catholic church |
| reformation | those who demanded for reform or religious changes in the roman catholic church |
| protestant reformation | a religious revolt against authourity and church doctrines of roman catholic church |
| luthernism. presbyterian | religions produced by PR |
| protestantism | movement would lead to what? |
| causes politically | some rulers resented churches courts ans its claim to be supreme. nationalist began to look at pope as foreign ruler than as head of church |
| cause economically | rulers wanted church property. think of tithing as a burden. true englishmen were upset that money was given to rome and pope |
| causes intellectually | renaissance's new ideas help contribute. individuals tried to form relationship between them and God, leaving Pope out. bibles were printed in vernacular. questionable attitude lead some to doubt churches authority and power |
| causes: chruch abuses | begin to question chruch practices especially: worldliness, nepotism, simony, selling of indulgences |
| worldliness | pope and church officials began to live luxurious life styles |
| nepotism | members of clergy were hiring relatives for church positions regardless of qualifications |
| simony | selling of chruch positions |
| sellings of indulgences | accepting money for a pardon by church without requiring true repentance. pardons would be granted to reduce punishment |
| causes; decline of church prestige | do to more things being published and read thus more questioning to church |
| martin luther | german, well educated, joined catholic monestary. |
| university of whittenburg | where luther taught |
| what did Luther condemn | would attack RCC for selling indulgences and denounce those clergy who took part in it. also prective of funds leaving Germany to Rome |
| building of st. peters cathedral | what money from rome would go to |
| 95 thesis | in 1517 Luther would nail to door at whittenburg. Was his religious philosophy |
| What came after 95 Thesis | popularity and followers ask Luther to cont. to preach against church. He denies Pope supremacy and proclaims Bible is final authority for all religious matters. Bible is translated into German |
| Justification by Faith and its effects | sayd faith alone endures salvation. so....pope excommunicates Luther and Charles V considers him criminal |
| German Rulers welcome religious revolt b/c... | desired chruch's land, wanted to weaken power of Holy Roman Empire, and for religious reasons |
| German rulers | protect and accept Luther's ideas and establish a new religion- Luthernism |
| things that came with luthernism | replaced latin with german in church services. encouraged hymns. wrote "A Mighty Fortress is our God". approved mariages by clergy. didn't believe in church higharchy. believed that all occupations were vocations that could serve God & others |
| scandinavia, norway, sweden, denmark | who accepts luthernism |
| Civil wars in Germany | catholics VS. Protestants. would last about 40 years. In 1555 settled by PEACE OF AUSTBURG |
| Peace of Austburg | allowed German princes to chose between religions |
| Ulrich Zwingli | swiss preist that believed bible was supreme power. converted many districts into protestant. wanted to create theocracy in Zurich |
| Theocracy | form of government where leader is religious |
| John Calvin | Fled catholic church to Switzerland. Author of "Institure of Christian Religion". believes in predestination. found CALVINISM |
| martin luther, john calvin | top 2 leaders of protestant movement |
| predestination | only those elected by God go to heaven and you could be selected by God if worked hard and had morals |
| calvinism | religion formed by John Calvin and would catch on in Europe |
| Swiss Reform Church | what calvinism known as in Switzerland |
| Dutch Reform Church | what calvinism known as in Holland |
| Calvinism in England | known as Congregational Church and became religion of puritans (17th century- plymouth rock) |
| Calvinism in France | small, intelligent middle class group (huguenots) |
| Huguenots | small, intelligent middle class group |
| John Knox | scotish reformer and hugh calvinist and make presbyterian official church of Scotland |
| Leo X | excommunicated luther |
| Charles V | king of spain- holy roman emporer |
| Henry VIII | king of England. long time catholic but will break from catholic church. |
| Henry VIII broke for Catholic church b/c... | wanted land. wanted divorce from Kathryn oF Aragon(Spain) but Clement VII doesn't let them. so Henry gets parliament to pass act of Supremacy |
| Act of Supremacy | declared angelican church of england now dependent of Rome and under leadership od English Ruler |
| Ann Boyleyn | who Henry marries after divorce from Kathryn. have couple of children but only one lives, ellizabet. Henry beheads Ann because she commits treason and witchcraft |
| Jane Seamore | Henry marries and Edward is born... then 3 more wives |
| Edward VI | comes to throan at age 9 after Henry dies but he dies shortly after |
| 2nd act of succesion | passed right before Edward dies. says female and male can be queen or king |
| first queens | Mary (Henrys 1st with Kathryn) then Elizabeth (1st with Anne) |
| Mary | become queen of England and wants to change back to Catholic. many clashes come of this and she ends up killing 300 people (BLOODY MARY) |
| Elizabeth | come to throan after mary. 1558- 1603. firmly maked Anglican official religion of England |
| catholic reformation | counter reformation- series of very capable energetic popes will proved strong leadership for catholic reformation by seeking to reform catholic church and stop protestant movement |
| Pope Paul III | calls meeting of Church Hierarchy- Council at Trent |
| Council at Trent | 3 sessions- last 1545- 1563. meetings on how can change church policies to bring people back. reaffirms that pope is supreme and church doesn't have authority to interpret Bible. Prohibits nepatism, simony, and selling of indulgences. required that clergy renounce pleasures. authorizes an INDEX. each diosy had to establish seminary |
| seminary | training and educating of priests |
| "index" | list of forbidden books people couldn't read |
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