| Term | Definition |
| absolute monarch | monarch that govern with unlimited power with a countries boundaries |
| divine right | idea God created monarchy & monarchs God's representives on earth |
| Louis XIV | sun king, built versailles, "I am the State", fought costly wars |
| War of the Spanish Succession | the war (1701-1714) fought to stop the union of the French & Spanish thrones under French Bourbons |
| 30 years' war | war fought over religion, territory, and power among the european ruling families (1618-1648), modern state system |
| 7 years war | the european conflict (1756-1763) fought in europe, india and north america...france lost its colonies |
| Peter the Great | czar, advanced education, westernized, modernized the military, st petersburg: baltic sea post |
| English Civil war | struggle between supporters of british monarchy and the puritans who supported parliment (1642-1649) |
| Glorious Revolution | bloodless overthrow of England's catholic king James II by protestant parliment |
| constitutional monarchy | system of government in which laws limit the power of the royal ruler |
| Philip II | ruler of wealth Spanish Empire (1566-1598), promoted arts, defended catholicism |
| Edict of Nantes | decree of religious tolerance by King Henry IV in France letting Huguenots live in peace |
| Cardinal Richelieu | minister of King Louis XIII, ruled France & limited power of the Huguenots & nobles |
| skepticism | idea nothing can be known for certain |
| intendants | government agents who collected taxes and administered justice under King Louis XIV |
| Jean Babtiste Colbert | minister of finance under King Louis XIV, goal to make France self-sufficient |
| Maria Theresa | austrian empress limited noble's power, made peasant labor reforms, stopped prussian aggression |
| Fredrick the Great | Prussian King, foreign policies led to war, religious freedom & legal reforms at home |
| boyar | landowning noble in Russia |
| westernization | europe as a model for change |
| Ivan the Terrible | first czar of russia, turned tyrant on his own people, killed boyars |