Chapter 35- Europe and America 1900-1945 Part 2
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 291 | the art gallery founded by Alfred Stieglitz which exhibited the avant-garde art. He was promoting photography as an art form |
| Abstraction in Photography | Edward Weston |
| Syncopated Cubism | Stuart Davis combined the flat forms of Cubism with the tempos of American Jazz |
| Harlem Renaissance | a flowering of art and literature in Harlem in the 1920's. It fostered African American culture |
| Precisionism | developed in America in the 1920's out of a fascination with the machine's precision and importance in modern life (Charles Sheeler, Charles Demuth, Georgia O'Keefe) |
| New Objectivity | grew out of the war experiences of a group of German artists (George Grosz, Max Beckman, Otto Dix, Kathe Kollwitz, Wilhelm Lehmbruck, Ernst Barlach) |
| Fantasy | the process of creating fanciful designs, strange settings and grotesque characters from the imagination |
| Surrealism | used fantasy to produce incongruous imagery by engaging the unconscious forces of the human mind.(Giorgio deChirico, Max Ernst, Salvador Dali, Rene Magritte, Meret Oppenheim, Frida Kahlo, Paul ) |
| Biomorphic | a form of Surrealism based on organisms and natural forms (Jean Arp, Jean Miro) |
| Automatism | a form of Surrealism based on a dictation of thought without control of the mind |
| Metaphysical Painting | views of Roman and Renaissance Italy with a disquieting sense of foreboding(deChirico) |
| Primitivism | tribal objects and artifacts which came from non-Western areas which became available to Europeans as a result of colonialism |
| Suprematism | the supreme reality in the world is pure feeling, which attaches to no object. This called for non-objective forms in art. Malevich believed that people could easily understand his art because of the universality of the symbols |
| Constructivism | named by Naum Gabo, a Russian sculptor because he built his sculptures piece by piece in space instead of carving or modeling them. He used new synthetic materials including celluloid, nylon and Lucite, which made parts of them transparent |
| Culture of Materials- Productivism | an art movement emerged in the Soviet Union whose members devoted their talents to designing a better environment for human beings. "We do not need a dead mausoleum of art where dead works are worshipped, but a living factory of the human spirit-in the streets, in the tramways, in the factories, workshops and workers' homes |
| De Stijl | was founded by Piet Mondrian and some other young artists in Holland, which promoted utopian ideals and believed in the birth of a new age following WWI. Their goal was the integration of art and life. He turned to the concept "pure plastic art", which he believed expressed universal reality |
| Schroder House | De Stijl architecture built by Rietveld in Holland |
| Bauhaus | Walter Gropius- the goal was to train artists; architects and designers to accept and anticipate 20th Century needs and promote a unity of art, architecture and design. He also hoped for a marriage between art and industry.(Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Josef Albers, Marcel Breuer, Mies Van Der Rohe |
| "Degenerate Art" | the label Nazis placed on the avant-garde art. Hitler persecuted many artist confiscated and placed them in a Degenerate Art Show and subjected them to ridicule |
| The International Style | architect Le Corbusier applied himself to designing a functional living space, which he described as a "machine for living" |
| Art Deco | in response to popular need for ornamentation rejected by the International Style, it produced streamlined, elongated symmetrical design, which could be commercially produced |
| Organic Architecture | Frank Lloyd Wright envisioned a nonsymmetrical design interacting spatially with its environment( Robie House, Kaufman House(Falling Water) |
| Organic Sculpture | work composed of softly curving surfaces and ovoid forms (Constantin Brancusi, Barbara Hepworth, and Henry Moore |
| Kinetic Sculpture | moving sculpture(mobiles-Alexander Calder) |
| Political Statement | the tragedies of WWI, Russian Revolution, Spanish Civil War and WWII compelled many artists to make visual statements against social injustice.(Ben Shahn, Pablo Picasso) |
| MoMA | Museum of Modern Art encourages the public to make modernist art a regular part of their lives |
| WPA | paid artists, writers and theater people a regular wage in exchange for work in their professions during the Depression(Dorothea Lange, Edward Hopper) |
| Regionalism | American Scene Painters paid attention to rural life as America's cultural backbone(Grant Wood, Thomas Hart Benton, ) |
| Mexican Muralists | a group of Mexican Artists determined to base their art on their indigenous history and culture existing before the European arrived (Jose Clemente Orozco, Diego Rivera) |
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