Chapter 2
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Created by:
shannon8122 on April 19, 2011
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Classical Civilization: China
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Yellow River | aka Huanghe; site of development of sedentary agri. in China |
| Sunzi | 4th cent. bce advisor to chinese monarch, who wrote classic treatise The Art of War |
| Wu | 1st of Zhou to be recognized as king, 1122 bce |
| Liu Bang | founder of Han dynasty in 202 bce |
| nuclear families | consisted of husband and wife, their children, and perhaps a grandmother or orphaned cousin; typical of chinese peasantry |
| Xian | along w/ Loyang, capital of Zhou dynasty |
| scholar-gentry | chinese class created by marital linkage of local land-holding aristocracy w/ office-holding shi; superseded shi as governors of china |
| Wang Mang | member of one of the powerful families related to han emperors thru marriage; temporarily overthrew han btwn 9 and 23ce |
| extended families | consisted of several generations, including family partriarch's sons and grandsons w/ their wives and children; typical of Shang china elites |
| ideographic writing | pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of chinese writing |
| Han dynasty | chinese dynasty that succeeded qin in 202 bce; ruled for next 400 yrs |
| Xia | china's first, possibly mythical, kingdom; no archological sites have been connected to it; ruled by Yu |
| Yu | a possible mythical chinese ruler revered for construction of an effective system of flood control along huanghe river valley; founder of xia kingdom |
| partilineal | family descent and inheritance traced thru male |
| Mandate of Heaven | divine source for pol legitimacy of chinese rulers; est. by zhou to justify overthrow of shang |
| Mencius | aka Meng Ko; follower of confucius; stressed consent of the common ppl |
| Qin dynasty | est. in 221 bce at the end of Warring States period following decline of zhou dynasty; fell in 207 bce |
| shi | probably originally priests; transformed into corps of professional bureaucrats b/c of knowledge of writing during zhou dynasty |
| Zhou | originally a vassal family of shang china; possible turkic in origin; overthrew shang and est. second historical chinese dynasty |
| Daoism | philosophy associated w/ laozi; stressed need for alignment w/ Dao or cosmic force |
| oracles | shamans or priests in chinese society who foretold the future thru interpretations of animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to chinese writing |
| Shi Huangdi | founder of brief Qin dynasty in 221 bce |
| Laozi | aka Lao Tsu; major chinese philosopher; recommended retreat from society into nature; individual should seek to become attuned w/ dao |
| Loyang | along w/ xian, capital of zhou dyansty |
| Ordos bulge | located on huanghe river; region of fertile soil; site of yangshao and longshan cultures |
| Confucius | aka Kung Fuzi; major chinese philosopher; born in 6th cent. bce; author of analects; philosophy based on need for restoration of order thru advice of superior men to be found among shi |
| vassal retainers | members of former ruling families granted control over peasant and artisan populations of areas thruout shang kingdom; indirectily exploited wealth of their territories |
| Great Wall | chinese defensive fortification intended to keep out nomadic invaders from n; initiated during qin dynasty and reign of shi huangdi |
| Hsiung-nu | aka Huns; horse nomads responsible for disruption of chinese, gupta, roman civiliazations |
| Tian | heaven; an abstract conception in early chinese religion; possibly combined spirits of all male ancestors; first appeared during zhou dynasty |
| feudalism | social org. created by exchangin grants of land or fiefs in return for formal oaths of allegiance and promises of loyal service; typical of zhou dynasty and euro middle ages; greater lords provided protection and aid to lesser lords in return for military service |
| secret societies | chinese peasant organizations; provided financial support in hard times and physical protection in case of disputes w/ local aristocracy |
| Shang | first chinese dynasty fro which archeological avidence exists; capital located in ordos bend |
| forbidden city | imperial precinct w/in capital cities of china; only imperial family, advisors, and household were permitted to enter |
| eunuchs | castrated males used w/in households of chinese emperors, usually to guard emperors concubines; became pol counterbalance to powerful marital relatives during Later Han |
| loess | fine grained soil deposited in ordos region in china bent by winds from central asia; created fertile soil for sedentary agri. communities |
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