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Indigenous Native Americans first to settle in Latin America Immigration nations Argentina and Uruguay, where Europeans came and settled Dialects forms of a language unique to particular place Patois dialects that blend elements of indigenous, European, African, and Asian languages Populated rim area on continent's edges where most S Americans live Buenos Aires Latin America's largest populated area Patagonia climate/land is harsh; lowly populated along w/ Andes Rio de Janeiro previous capital of Brazil before moved to Brasilia to draw people away from densely populated coast Brasilia planned city built in country's interior as new capital of Brazil Ecuador most densely populated country in S America, along w/ Caribbean Barbados tiny island nation w/ highest population density in Caribbean Internal migration movement within a region/country Mexico City region's largest megacity; challenged by growing population, standard of living dropped Primate city urban area that dominates its country's economy, culture, political affairs Maya dominated S Mexico/N Central America from 250 AD to 900; skilled in math Tikal greatest city of Mayans, located in Guatemala; ruled by priests/nobles Glyphs picture writing carved in stone to record history Aztec arose in central Mexico in AD 1300s; highly structured class system; gave us corn, tomato, chocolate Tenochtitlan capital, today Mecivo City, on island in large lake Chinampas floating "islands" made form large rafts covered w/ mud from lake bottome where grew beans/maize Inca civilization in Andes mountain ranges of S America Cuzco Inca capital in Peru, ruling lands thru central gov. w/ emperor Quipu series of knotted cords of various colors/lengths to keep track of financial records used by Inca Conquistador Spanish conqueror Hernan Cortes defeated Aztec in 1521/claimed Mexico for Spain Francisco Pizarro destroyed Incan in 1535/began Spain's S American empire Viceroys royally appointed officials under whom conquerors set up highly structured political systems Haiti first Latin American country to gain independence Francois Toussaint-Louverture soldier born of enslaved parents, led revolt by enslaved Africans in Haiti Mexico first Spanish-ruled country in Latin America to win independence Cuba didn't win freedom from Spain until 1898 Fidel Castro set up communist state in 1959 after a revolution Caudillo dictator backed by military forces/wealthy landowners Panama Canal Zone after Panama was independent they signed treaty w/ US expanding trade West Indies Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism brought by Asians are practiced Roman Catholicism official religion of Spanish colonies/Brazil during colonial times Protestantism came w/ British/Dutch in 1800s Syncretism blending of beliefs/practices from different religions into a single faith Condomble Catholic devotion to the saints in Brazil; "Voodoo" in Dominican Republic Traditional NA left legacy of weaving, woodcarving, pottery, metalwork Murals wall paintings decorating NA temples Mosaics pictures/designs made by setting small bits of colored stone into mortar Modern art art focused on social/political subjects Diego Rivera Mexican artist created huge murals illustrating key events in Frida Kahlo- known for self-portraits Fernando Botero satirized lifestyles of Latin America's upper classes Oscar Niemeyer known for buildings he designed in Brasilia Extended family grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, parents, children Compadres godparents, played important role in life; chosen by mom/dad to sponsor new baby Machismo Spanish/Portuguese tradition of male supremacy Malnutrition serious condition caused by lack of proper food Futbol soccer, sport they are passionate about Jai alai fast-paced game like handball, played w/ ball and long, curved basket