6 Written Questions

1. three main steps:
   1. defining the research objectives
   2. wording the questions-simplicity
   3. deciding on response type
2. -Subjective responses
   a. @Halo effect—the person has a positive attitude or feeling, the interviewer might just report more positive things because of that "like" for the interviewer (or the same for a negative attitude)
   b. Ambiguous items
3. • business ppl
   • advertisers
   • politicians
   • clinicians
   • researchers
4. fixed-format
   • questions prepared ahead of time
   • standard presentation of questions
   • questions are typically closed-ended
5. • good for when complicated topics are being investigated
   • allows for better rapport
   • expensive and time-consuming
6. • emotional states
   • attitudes and beliefs
   • demographic info
   • past or intended future behaviors
   • infrequent or "private" behaviors

6 Multiple Choice Questions

1. • Probe for more information, unexpected response
   • More personal—better for rapport
   • Non-verbal cues aid for better rapport
   • Better response rate
   • Complex topics
   1. interview cons
   2. questionnaire pros
   3. interview pros
   4. survey research
2. • less expensive
   • large amounts of data gathered quickly
   • disadvantages:
   -confusing to answer all those questions
   -may not pick up the phone if they don't know the number
   1. face-to-face interviews
   2. telephone interviews
   3. Structured interviews
   4. types of interviews
3. • Low response rate
   • Little control over respondent
   • Fixed-format
   • Requires literate participants
   1. questionnaire pros
   2. questionnaire cons
   3. interview cons
   4. interview pros
4. avoid using...
   o Technical terms/jargon
   o Vague or imprecise language
   o "Double-barreled" questions—asking two things at once in the same question (i.e. asking "how would you respond to your child crying or having a temper tantrum?")
   o "Loaded" questions
   o Negative wording
   1. interview cons
   2. wording of questions
   3. survey construction
   4. types of interviews
5. • open-ended
   • close-ended
   • one type of closed-ended response: rating scales
   1. types of interviews
   2. wording of questions
   3. types of responses to questions
   4. telephone interviews
6. 1. Response set
   a. Yea-saying or nay-saying
   b. Social desirability
   i.Especially likely when questions are about sensitive topics
   ii. Remedies?
   1. Building the rapport
   2. Open, honest communication with the interviewee
   3. Mix up the types of questions you ask (so you can't just say yes to everything)
   1. potential biases in responses 2
   2. potential biases in responses
   3. potential biases in responses 3
   4. questionnaire cons

6 True/False Questions

1. survey research → • questionnaires and interviews
   • "snapshot" or change over time
   • large amount of info can be gathered
   • assumption that responses are truthful and accurate

   True        False

2. interview cons → • Interviewer biases—race, etc.
   - Approval/disapproval
   - Expectancy biases
   - Interviewer characteristics

   True        False

3. types of interviews → • less expensive
   • large amounts of data gathered quickly
   • disadvantages:
   -confusing to answer all those questions
   -may not pick up the phone if they don't know the number

   True        False

4. unstructured interviews → fixed-format
   • questions prepared ahead of time
   • standard presentation of questions
   • questions are typically closed-ended

   True        False

5. questionnaire pros → • Lots of data, larger sample, efficient
   • Anonymous—more honest?
   • Convenient—no travel, on own schedule
   • Can reach people in remote locations
   • Free of perceptual bias

   True        False

6. potential biases in responses 2 → -Subjective responses
   a. @Halo effect—the person has a positive attitude or feeling, the interviewer might just report more positive things because of that "like" for the interviewer (or the same for a negative attitude)
   b. Ambiguous items

   True        False